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Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with MRSA BSI with and without nasal colonization

From: Everybody nose: molecular and clinical characteristics of nasal colonization during active methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection

Factor

Colonized

N = 37 (%)

Not colonized

N = 16 (%)

Univariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

p value

Multivariable analysis

OR (95% CI)

p value

Sex

      

 Male

27 (73)

7 (44)

3.47 (1.02–11.82)

0.05

5.06 (1.64–22.01)

0.03

 Female

10 (27)

9 (56)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Race/ethnicity

      

 Non-hispanic white

13 (35)

7 (44)

Reference

   

 Non-hispanic black

11 (30)

4 (25)

1.48 (0.34–6.43)

0.60

  

 Hispanic/latino

11 (30)

5 (31)

1.19 (0.29–4.81)

0.81

  

 Asian

1 (3)

0 (0)

–

–

  

 Other/not reported

1 (3)

0 (0)

–

–

  

Age at time of infection

      

 18–54 years

12 (32)

2 (13)

Reference

   

 55–69 years

16 (43)

6 (38)

0.44 (0.08–2.60)

0.37

  

 ≥ 70 years

9 (24)

8 (50)

0.19 (0.03–1.11)

0.06

  

History of IV drug use

      

 Yes

2 (5)

1 (6)

0.86 (0.07–10.19)

0.90

  

 No

35 (95)

15 (94)

Reference

   

HIV diagnosis

      

 Yes

6 (16)

0 (0)

–

–

  

 No

31 (84)

16 (100)

–

–

  

Admission source

      

 Home

22 (59)

13 (81)

Reference

   

 NH/Rehab/LTACH

10 (27)

2 (13)

2.96 (0.56–15.63)

0.20

  

Other hospital

5 (14)

1 (6)

2.96 (0.31–28.14)

0.35

  

Prior hospital admission (90 days)

      

 Yes

26 (70)

6 (38)

3.94 (1.15–13.52)

0.03

3.96 (1.01–15.56)

0.05

 No

11 (30)

10 (63)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Length of hospital stay prior to BSI

      

 CO-MRSA

20 (54)

10 (63)

Reference

   

 HO-MRSA

17 (46)

6 (38)

1.42 (0.43–4.71)

0.57

  

Clonal complex

      

 CC8

13 (35)

9 (56)

Reference

   

 CC5

19 (51)

5 (31)

2.63 (0.72–9.66)

0.15

  

 Other

5 (14)

2 (13)

1.73 (0.27–10.97)

0.56

  

Frequent healthcare interaction

      

 Hemodialysis

12 (32)

1 (6)

8.00 (0.92–69.84)

0.06

  

 Infusion Center

7 (19)

3 (19)

1.56 (0.33–7.24)

0.57

  

 None

18 (49)

12 (75)

Reference

   

Presence of invasive device

      

 Yes

30 (81)

10 (63)

2.57 (0.70–9.48)

0.16

  

 No

7 (19)

6 (38)

Reference

   

Invasive procedures

      

 Yes

13 (35)

4 (25)

1.63 (0.44–6.07)

0.47

  

 No

24 (65)

12 (75)

Reference

   

Wound present

      

 Yes

21 (57)

6 (38)

2.19 (0.66–7.29)

0.20

  

 No

16 (43)

10 (63)

Reference

   

Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)

      

 0–3

4 (11)

5 (31)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 4–5

12 (32)

4 (25)

3.75 (0.66–21.25)

0.14

7.44 (0.95–58.45)

0.06

 6–8

15 (41)

4 (25)

4.69 (0.84–26.08)

0.08

7.84 (1.03–59.84)

0.05

 > 8

6 (16)

3 (19)

2.50 (0.37–16.89)

0.35

3.68 (0.44–30.88)

0.23

History of transplant

      

 Yes

6 (16)

1 (6)

2.90 (0.32–26.33)

0.34

  

 No

31 (84)

15 (94)

Reference

   

History of MRSA colonization

      

 Yes

14 (38)

2 (13)

4.26 (0.84–21.60)

0.08

  

 No

23 (62)

14 (88)

Reference

   

Presumed source of MRSA BSI

      

 Peripheral IV

5 (14)

2 (13)

1.09 (0.19–6.33)

0.92

  

 Skin and soft tissue infection

7 (19)

4 (25)

0.70 (0.17–2.84)

0.62

  

 Pneumonia

3 (8)

1 (6)

1.32 (0.13–13.78)

0.81

  

 Diabetic foot infection

1 (3)

0 (0)

–

–

  

 Vascular access

11 (30)

3 (19)

1.83 (0.43–7.74)

0.41

  

 Sacral wound

2 (5)

2 (13)

0.40 (0.05–3.13)

0.38

  

 Other/unknown

8 (22)

4 (25)

0.83 (0.21–3.28)

0.79

  
  1. See Table 1 for definitions
  2. Bold = significant at ≤ 0.05
  3. IV intravenous, NH nursing home, Rehab rehabilitation facility, LTACH long-term acute care hospital, CO community-onset, HO hospital-onset, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, BSI bloodstream infection, HIV human immunodeficiency virus