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Table 2 Association between CD4/CD8 ratio over time and clinical outcomes in non-late, late and advanced presenters

From: Low CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in late and non-late presenters: results from a multicentre cohort study, 2004–2018

  

Non-late presenters,

CD4/CD8 ≤ 0.4 vs CD4/CD8 > 0.4

p-value

Late presenters,

CD4/CD8 ≤ 0.4 vs CD4/CD8 > 0.4

p-value

Interaction

p-value LP

vs non-LP

Advanced presenters,

CD4/CD8 ≤ 0.4 vs CD4/CD8 > 0.4

p-value

Interaction

p-value AP vs non-LP

Composite endpoint

Unadjusted HR (95%CI)

2.57 (1.97, 3.35)

 < 0.001

3.11 (2.33, 4.17)

 < 0.001

 

2.55 (1.88, 3.45)

 < 0.001

 
 

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.90 (1.48, 2.43)

 < 0.001

1.94 (1.46, 2.57)

 < 0.001

0.869

1.72 (1.26, 2.34)

 < 0.001

0.598

AIDS events

Unadjusted HR (95%CI)

5.80 (3.82, 8.81)

 < 0.001

4.63 (2.93, 7.33)

 < 0.001

 

3.39 (1.99, 5.77)

 < 0.001

 
 

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

3.31 (2.23, 4.93)

 < 0.001

2.75 (1.78, 4.27)

 < 0.001

0.365

2.25 (1.34, 3.76)

0.002

0.139

Serious Non-AIDS events

Unadjusted HR(95%CI)

1.62 (1.16, 2.28)

0.005

2.45 (1.69, 3.55)

 < 0.001

 

2.12 (1.41, 3.20)

 < 0.001

 
 

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.39 (0.96, 2.02)

0.079

1.62 (1.10, 2.40)

0.016

0.423

1.49 (0.97, 2.29)

0.069

0.640

Cardiovascular events

Unadjusted HR(95%CI)

1.25 (0.57, 2.73)

0.570

2.44 (0.94, 6.35)

0.067

 

2.50 (0.88, 7.14)

0.087

 
 

Adjusted HR(95%CI)

1.33 (0.64, 2.76)

0.444

1.82 (0.72, 4.61)

0.208

0.511

1.85 (0.67, 5.12)

0.234

0.425

Liver events

Unadjusted HR (95%CI)

0.84 (0.22, 3.18)

0.792

3.54 (0.81, 15.51)

0.093

 

3.36 (0.65, 17.44)

0.149

 
 

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

0.42 (0.12, 1.50)

0.183

1.54 (0.37, 6.34)

0.565

0.059

1.60 (0.33, 7.71)

0.556

0.078

Neoplasms

Unadjusted HR (95%CI)

1.92 (1.34, 2.75)

 < 0.001

2.27 (1.52, 3.40)

 < 0.001

 

1.90 (1.25, 2.88)

0.003

 
 

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.61 (1.02, 2.56)

0.043

1.56 (0.97, 2.50)

0.066

0.867

0.64 (0.04, 11.32)

0.193

0.500

Overall mortality

Unadjusted HR (95%CI)

2.63 (1.57, 4.39)

 < 0.001

3.85 (2.15, 6.91)

 < 0.001

 

3.09 (1.69, 5.64)

 < 0.001

 
 

Adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.49 (0.92, 2.41)

0.103

1.80 (1.04, 3.11)

0.036

0.511

1.61 (0.92, 2.83)

0.095

0.734

  1. CI confidence interval; HR hazard ratio; LP late presenters; AP advanced presenters
  2. aHR (CI 95%) were estimated with extended Cox regression models adjusted for age (< 50, ≥ 50 years) and CD4 count (< 500, ≥ 500/µL), both modelled as time-varying covariates, a combined variable of gender and HIV transmission category (MSM, IDU, heterosexual women, heterosexual men, other/unknown), educational level (no studies or primary education, secondary education, university, other/unknown), region of origin (Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, other/unknown), presence of hepatitis C virus antibodies (no, yes or unknown), presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (no, yes or unknown) and viral load (< 10,000, 10,000–100,000, ≥ 100,000 copies/mL, unknown) at enrolment, and with an interaction term between CD4/CD8 ratio over time and late or advanced presentation
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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