Table 1 Interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody serology
Anti-N ab positive, unvaccinated | Anti-N ab positive, vaccinated | Anti-N ab negative, vaccinated | Anti-N ab negative, unvaccinated | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-S protein ab positive | Infection induced immunity: SARS-CoV-2 positive group | Both infection-induced immunity and vaccine response, or waned vaccine response and both antibodies due to infection induced immunity: SARS-CoV-2 positive group | Vaccine-induced immunity: SARS-CoV-2 negative group | Infection induced-immunity: SARS-CoV-2 positive group |
Anti-S protein ab negative | Infection induced immunity: SARS-CoV-2 positive group | Vaccine induced immunity has waned below detectable level, and breakthrough infection has occurred: SARS-CoV-2 positive group | SARS-CoV-2 negative group | SARS-CoV-2 negative group |