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Table 6 Symptoms and signs of patients with ALRI due to a single virus

From: Clinical manifestations and outcome of viral acute lower respiratory infection in hospitalised children in Myanmar

   

Detected viruses

   

Total N (%)

RSVa

Influenza virusb

hMPVc

Enterovirus

hRVd

PIV

hCoV

Adenoviruse

hBoVf

Total N (%)

291

125

25

36

33

56

3

1

8

4

Symptoms

Cough

271 (93)

119 (95)

25 (100)

32 (89)

31 (94)

51 (91)

3 (100)

1 (100)

5 (63)

4 (100)

Difficult breathing

215 (74)

92 (74)

16 (64)

25 (69)

26 (79)

44 (79)

2 (67)

1 (100)

5 (63)

4 (100)

Rhinorrhea

122 (42)

60 (48)

15 (60)

13 (36)

17 (52)

13 (23)

1 (33)

0 (0)

1 (13)

2 (50)

Vital signs

Tachycardia

106 (36)

36 (29)

8 (32)

19 (53)

14 (42)

19 (34)

2 (67)

1 (100)

4 (50)

3 (75)

Tachypnoea

223 (77)

94 (75)

17 (68)

27 (75)

29 (88)

41 (73)

3 (100)

1 (100)

7 (88)

4 (100)

Fever ≥ 38℃

123 (42)

46 (37)

16 (64)

17 (47)

17 (52)

20 (36)

1 (33)

0 (0)

4 (50)

2 (50)

Hypoxaemia ≤ 90%

41 (14)

17 (14)

5 (20)

3 (8)

5 (15)

6 (11)

0 (0)

1 (100)

3 (38)

1 (25)

Clinical signs

Chest indrawing

196 (67)

88 (70)

15 (60)

24 (67)

24 (73)

37 (66)

1 (33)

0 (0)

4 (50)

3 (75)

Coarse crackles

150 (52)

61 (49)

11 (44)

24 (67)

16 (48)

26 (46)

2 (67)

0 (0)

7 (88)

3 (75)

Wheezing

104 (36)

50 (40)

12 (48)

9 (25)

15 (45)

16 (29)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (13)

1 (25)

Rhonchi

194 (67)

99 (79)

14 (56)

16 (44)

18 (55)

39 (70)

2 (67)

0 (0)

2 (25)

4 (100)

Asymmetry of lung sounds

8 (3)

0 (0)

3 (12)

1 (3)

3 (9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (13)

0 (0)

Normal lung sounds

17 (6)

1 (1)

6 (24)

2 (6)

3 (9)

4 (7)

0 (0)

1 (100)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Grunting

66 (23)

30 (24)

6 (24)

7 (19)

5 (15)

16 (29)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (13)

1 (25)

Cyanosis

37 (13)

10 (8)

6 (24)

3 (8)

6 (18)

8 (14)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (13)

3 (75)

Capillary refill time ≥ 3 s

23 (8)

9 (7)

3 (12)

0 (0)

3 (9)

6 (11)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (13)

1 (25)

  1. Only single virus-infected patients were counted and listed in the table
  2. All categorical data are presented as number (percentage, %)
  3. ALRI acute lower respiratory infection, Total N total number, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, hMPV human metapneumovirus, hRV human rhinovirus, PIV parainfluenza virus, hCoV human coronaviruses, hBoV human bocavirus, PCR polymerase chain reaction
  4. RSV-infected patients were less likely to develop tachycardia (36 [29%] vs 70 [42%], P = 0.019) and cyanosis (10 [8%] vs 27 [16%], P = 0.036) but were more likely to develop rhonchi (99 [79%] vs 95 [57%], P < 0.001), compared to those infected with RSV alone
  5. The influenza virus-infected patients had higher rates of fever (16 (64%) vs 107 (40%), P = 0.021), compared to those infected with a virus other than influenza
  6. The hMPV-infected patients had higher rates of tachycardia (19 [53%] vs 87 [34%], P = 0.029), lower rates of rhonchi (16 [44%] vs 178 [70%], P = 0.003), and prolonged capillary refill time (0 [0%] vs 23 [90%], P = 0.042), compared to those infected with hMPV
  7. The hRV-infected patients had lower rates of rhinorrhea (13 (23%) vs 109 (46%), P = 0.002), compared to those infected with a virus other than hRV.
  8. The adenovirus-infected patients had lower rates of cough (5 [63%] vs 266 [94%], P = 0.013) and rhonchi (2 [25%] vs 192 [68%], P = 0.018) and higher rates of coarse crackles (7 [88%] vs 143 [51%], P = 0.040), compared to those infected with adenovirus
  9. The hBoV-infected patients had higher rates of cyanosis (3 [75%] vs 34 [12%], P = 0.007) than those infected with hBoV
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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