Table 4 Factors associated with incident tuberculosis among participants from a competing risks regression model

At ART initiation

 Males

1.22 (0.86–1.77)

 CDC classification C

4.02 (2.75–5.88)

1.22 (0.25–5.97)

 History of prior TB

0.78 (0.34–1.78)

Time updated variables

 Age

0.98 (0.96–1.00)

BMI Classification

 < 18.5 kg/m²

9.59 (3.45–26.64)

8.21 (2.43–27.73)

 18.5–23 kg/m²

1

1

 > 23 kg/m²

0.94 (0.29–3.00)

0.71 (0.18–2.84)

Smoking history

 Non-smoker or ex-smoker

1

 Current smoker

1.13 (0.77–1.66)

Alcohol consumption

 No alcohol use in past 3 months

1

 Alcohol use in past 3 months

0.84 (0.57–1.24)

History of substance use

2.11 (0.91–4.88)

6.03 (1.16–31.21)

History of close contact TB cases

1.64 (0.98–2.74)

1.71 (0.37–7.78)

Hypertension

1.13 (0.68–1.88)

Diabetes mellitus

0.44 (0.14–1.42)

Hepatitis B co-infection

0.93 (0.52–1.64)

Hepatitis C co-infection

1.39 (0.79–2.42)

CD4 cell count (cell/m³)

• < 50

12.02 (5.96–24.22)

18.23 (3.35–99.16)

• 51–200

8.51 (4.97–14.53)

5.43 (0.98–29.92)

• 201–350

2.32 (1.31–4.11)

1.99 (0.35–11.07)

• > 350

1

1

HIV-RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL

2.55 (0.53–12.25)