Table 1 The demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19, Tehran, Iran, 2020
Parameter | Acute COVID-19 (n = 131) | MIS-C (n = 11) | Severe (n = 50) | Non-severe (n = 92) | Discharged (n = 128) | Died (n = 14) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, median (IQR) | 4 (1.1–10) | 8 (1.6–10) | 3.5 (0.6–8.5) | 6 (2–10) | 5 (1.6–10) | 4 (0.4–11.7) |
Male, no. (%) | 61 (47) | 9 (82)* | 29 (58) | 41 (45) | 63 (49) | 7 (50) |
Comorbid conditions, no. (%) | 84 (64) | 2 (18)* | 44 (88) | 42 (49)* | 73 (57) | 13 (93)* |
Hospital stay, median (IQR) | 7 (4–12) | 5.5 (5–6.75) | 12 (8–21) | 5 (4–8)* | 7 (4–11) | 19.5 (11.7–30)* |
ICU admission, no. (%) | 40 (30.5) | 1 (9) | 36 (72) | 5 (5)* | 28 (22) | 13 (93)* |
Mechanical ventilation required, no. (%) | 23 (18) | 0 | 23 (46) | 0* | 12 (9) | 11 (79)* |
Severe disease, no. (%) | 50 (38) | 0 | – | – | 36 (28) | 14 (100)* |
Known COVID + contact, no. (%) | 49 (37) | 7 (64)* | 20 (40) | 36 (39) | 53 (41) | 3 (21) |
Symptoms | ||||||
 Duration of symptoms in days prior to admission | 2 (1–5) | 4 (2–9) | 3 (1–7) | 2 (1–5) | 2.5 (1–5) | 1.5 (0.75–4.75) |
 Fever, no. (%) | 100 (77) | 11 (100) | 36 (72) | 75 (82) | 102 (80) | 9 (64) |
 Cough, no. (%) | 51 (39.5) | 3 (27) | 23 (46) | 31 (34) | 48 (37.5) | 6 (43) |
 Erythematous rash, no. (%) | 9 (7) | 8 (73)* | 1 (2) | 16 (17)* | 7 (5) | 0 |
 Conjunctivitis, no. (%) | 2 (1.5) | 3 (27)* | 1 (2) | 4 (4) | 5 (4) | 0 |
 Nausea/vomiting, no. (%) | 41 (31.5) | 3 (27) | 13 (26) | 31 (34) | 41 (32) | 3 (21) |
 Abdominal pain, no. (%) | 27 (21) | 4 (36) | 6 (12) | 25 (27) | 30 (23) | 1 (7) |
 Myalgia, no. (%) | 25 (19) | 3 (27) | 8 (16) | 20 (22) | 25 (20) | 3 (21) |
 Tachypnea no. (%) | 56 (43) | 3 (27) | 35 (70) | 24 (26)* | 48 (37.5) | 11 (79)* |
 Diarrhea, no. (%) | 27 (21) | 5 (45.5)* | 6 (12) | 26 (28)* | 31 (24) | 1 (7) |
 Shortness of breath, no. (%) | 62 (47) | 2 (20) | 41 (82) | 23 (25)* | 51 (40) | 13 (93)* |
Treatment | ||||||
 Oseltamivir, no. (%) | 14 (11) | 0 | 9 (18) | 5 (5)* | 11 (9) | 3 (21) |
 Lopinavir/ritonavir, no. (%) | 9 (7) | 0 | 9 (18) | 0* | 4 (3) | 5 (36)* |
 Hydroxychloroquine, no. (%) | 65 (50) | 1 (9)* | 32 (64) | 34 (37)* | 53 (41) | 13 (93)* |
 Vancomycin, no. (%) | 36 (27.5) | 1 (9) | 26 (52) | 11 (12)* | 28 (22) | 9 (64)* |
 Azitromycin, no. (%) | 96 (73) | 9 (82) | 40 (80) | 65 (71) | 94 (73) | 11 (79) |
 Cefotaxim, no. (%) | 47 (36) | 3 (27) | 16 (32) | 34 (37) | 47 (37) | 3 (21) |
 Steroids, no. (%) | 20 (15) | 9 (82)* | 11 (22) | 18 (20) | 24 (19) | 5 (36) |
 Mortality, no. (%) | 14 (11) | 0 | 14 (28) | 0* | – | – |