Table 5 Association of different variables with odds of pathogens being multi-drug resistant (MDR), expressed as odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]

Age category

Adults

1

1

Children 5–15 years

0.56

(0.23–1.36)

0.47

(0.15–1.41)

Children < 5 years

0.59

(0.26–1.36)

0.51

(0.18–1.45)

Neonates (≤ 28 days)

0.85

(0.35–2.06)

1.10

(0.33–3.55)

Sex

Female

1

1

Male

1.05

(0.64–1.73)

1.13

(0.32–2.03)

Antibiotic treatment < 24 h prior to sampling

No

1

1

Yes

2.29**

(1.32–3.98)

3.39

(1.54–7.44)

Healthcare-associated infection

No

1

1

Yes

1.90

(0.94–3.83)

1.20

(0.41–3.54)

Hospital

Boko

1

1

CHUD Parakou

0.58

(0.32–1.04)

0.42

(0.13–1.33)