Blood culture surveillance in a secondary care hospital in Benin: epidemiology of bloodstream infection pathogens and antimicrobial resistance

Table 2 Association of different variables with odds of pathogen growth of blood culture, expressed as odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]

Variable	Categories	Univariable analysis	Multivariable analysis
Age category	Adults	1	1
	Children 5–15 years	1.60* [1.03–2.48]	2.13** [1.30–3.50]
	Children < 5 years	0.85 [0.57–1.27]	1.14 [0.72–1.81]
	Neonates (≤ 28 days)	2.61*** [1.70–4.03]	2.57*** [1.51–4.39]
Sex	Female	1	1
Sex	Male	1.01 [0.80–1.28]	1.12 [0.86–1.44]
Prior antibiotic treatment	No	1	1
Prior antibiotic treatment	Yes	1.16 [0.90–1.49]	1.08 [0.79–1.48]
Healthcare-associated infection	No	1	1
Healthcare-associated infection	Yes	1.92*** [1.42–2.69]	1.52* [1.01–2.87]
Thick blood film (malaria diagnosis)^†	Negative	1	–
Thick blood film (malaria diagnosis)^†	Positive	0.59** [0.45–0.77]	–
Hospital	Boko	1	1
Hospital	CHUD Parakou	1.90*** [1.43–2.53]	2.04** [1.28–3.26]
Blood volume cultured	Per extra mL^‡	1.01 [0.98–1.04]	–

Statistical significance is indicated as follows: *p-value 0.01–0.05; **p-value 0.001–0.01; ***p-value < 0.001
CHUD Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Departemental
^†Due to high amount of missing data from CHUD Parakou hospital, thick blood film results for this hospital were not included in multivariable analyses
^‡The odds ratio expresses the relative increase/decrease in odds of pathogen growth per unit increase in blood volume (unit = 1 mL)

ISSN: 1471-2334