Table 3 Detection rate of hepatitis C per 100,000 inhabitants by clinical variables (Brazil, 2008–2018)
From: A time series analysis of detection and mortality of hepatitis C in Brazil, 2008–2018
A) Likely source/mechanism of infection (proportion) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source/mechanism of infection | % | Joinpoint regression model | ||||
2008 | 2018 | Period | APC/AAPC | 95% CI; p value | Trend | |
Sexual | 7.8 | 9.0 | 2008–2018 | 1.0 | − 0.8 to 2.9; p = 0.3 | ↔ |
Transfusion | 14.2 | 6.7 | 2008–2018 | − 8.3 | − 11.0 to − 5.5; p < 0.001 | ↓ |
2008–2013 | − 4.3 | − 9.3 to 1.0; p = 0.09 | ↔ | |||
2013–2018 | − 12.1 | − 16.7 to − 7.3; p < 0.001 | ↓ | |||
Drug use | 16.2 | 7.9 | 2008–2018 | − 7.6 | − 9.7 to − 5.4; p < 0.001 | ↓ |
Vertical transmission | 0.3 | 0.2 | 2008–2018 | − 2.7 | − 5.8 to 0.6; p = 0.09 | ↔ |
Work accident | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2008–2018 | − 6.5 | − 9.2 to − 3.7; p < 0.001 | ↓ |
Haemodialysis | 0.6 | 0.5 | 2008–2018 | − 4.3 | − 6.1 to − 2.5; p < 0.001 | ↓ |
Household | 0.3 | 0.6 | 2008–2018 | 5.5 | − 6.8 to 19.3; p = 0.4 | ↔ |
2008–2010 | 36.9 | − 41.4 to 219.7; p = 0.3 | ↔ | |||
2010–2014 | − 7.1 | − 25.8 to 16.3; p = 0.4 | ↔ | |||
2014–2018 | 5.0 | − 8.5 to 20.6; p = 0.3 | ↔ | |||
Others | 12 | 9.1 | 2008–2018 | − 2.7 | − 6.4 to 1.2; p = 0.2 | ↔ |
2008–2013 | 0.3 | − 2.1 to 2.8; p = 0.7 | ↔ | |||
2013–2016 | − 10.5 | − 23.9 to 5.3; p = 0.1 | ↔ | |||
2016–2018 | 2.3 | − 15.3 to 23.5; p = 0.7 | ↔ | |||
Unknown/left blank | 48.0 | 65.6 | 2008–2018 | 4.0 | 3.1 to 4.9; p < 0.001 | ↑ |
B) Associated disease (HIV/AIDS) (proportion) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Associated disease (HIV/AIDS) | % | Joinpoint regression model | ||||
2008 | 2018 | Period | APC/AAPC | 95% CI; p value | Trend | |
Yes | 12.0 | 6.9 | 2008–2018 | − 5.3 | − 12.1 to 2.1; p = 0.2 | ↔ |
2008–2013 | − 7.4 | − 12.5 to − 2.0; p < 0.001 | ↓ | |||
2013–2016 | 4.8 | − 24.3 to 45.1; p = 0.7 | ↔ | |||
2016–2018 | − 14.0 | − 38.5 to 20.3; p = 0.2 | ↔ | |||
No | 73.0 | 79.5 | 2008–2018 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 1.3; p < 0.001 | ↑ |
Unknown | 15.0 | 13.7 | 2008–2018 | − 0.7 | − 3.6 to 2.3; p = 0.6 | ↔ |
2008–2011 | 6.4 | − 4.3 to 18.3; p = 0.2 | ↔ | |||
2011–2018 | − 3.6 | − 6.1 to − 1.0; p < 0.001 | ↓ | |||
C) Proportion of hepatitis C-HIV coinfection | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatitis C-HIV coinfection | % | Joinpoint regression model | |||||
2008 | 2018 | Period | APC/AAPC | 95% CI; p value | Trend | ||
Brazil | 12 | 6.9 | 2008–2018 | − 5.3 | − 12.1 to 2.1; p = 0.2 | ↔ | |
2008–2013 | − 7.4 | − 12.5 to − 2.0; p < 0.001 | ↓ | ||||
2013–2016 | 4.8 | − 24.3 to 45.1; p = 0.7 | ↔ | ||||
2016–2018 | − 14.0 | − 38.5 to 20.3; p = 0.2 | ↔ | ||||
North | 4.1 | 3.5 | 2008–2018 | 4.1 | − 0.8 to 9.2; p = 0.09 | ↔ | |
Northeast | 3.1 | 4.6 | 2008–2018 | 3.7 | − 3.4 to 11.4; p = 0.3 | ↔ | |
Southeast | 12 | 6.2 | 2008–2018 | − 4.7 | − 7.5 to − 1.8; p < 0.001 | ↓ | |
South | 15.8 | 9.3 | 2008–2018 | − 4.5 | − 5.7 to − 3.3; p < 0.001 | ↓ | |
Central-West | 8.9 | 6.0 | 2008–2018 | − 1.8 | − 3.8 to 0.3; p = 0.008 | ↔ | |