Table 3 Regression analysis for BIPQ overall score with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants

Age (years)

 18–30^R

 31–45

− 1.29 (− 4.71 to 2.13)

− 1.12 (− 4.69 to 2.43)

 46–60

2.54 (− 1.02 to 6.11)

2.31 (− 1.56 to 6.18)

 ≥ 61

2.62 (− 2.12 to 7.38)

1.83 (− 3.43 to 7.08)

Sex

 Female ^R

 Male

− 2.30 (− 4.57 to − 0.02)

− 2.62 (− 7.71 to 2.45)

Qualification

 Illiterate ^R

 Primary

− 2.76 (− 6.78 to 1.25)

− 0.097(− 4.53 to 4.34)

 Islamic

− 1.91 (− 11.07 to 7.23)

− 1.17 (− 10.39 to 8.05)

 High School

− 7.81 (− 12.81 to − 2.81)

− 3.71 (− 9.41 to 1.98)

 College

− 2.08 (− 9.59 to 5.42)

1.28 (− 7.16 to 9.72)

 University

− 7.66 (− 18.21 to 2.87)

− 8.04 (− 21.55 to 5.46)

Job status

 Jobless ^R

 Daily wages

− 0.44 (− 3.11 to 2.22)

1.65 (− 3.71 to 7.02)

 Self Employed

− 7.31 (− 10.86 to − 3.75)

− 4.47 (− 10.36 to 1.42)

 Government

− 1.92 (− 9.13 to 5.28)

3.29 (− 6.86 to 13.45)

Income per month (PKR)

 ≤ 10,000 ^R

 11–20,000

− 1.46 (− 4.47 to 1.55)

− 0.60 (− 3.71 to 2.51)

 21–30,000

− 3.32 (− 9.25 to 2.61)

1.62 (− 4.61 to 7.86)

 31–40,000

− 13.14 (− 24.99 to − 1.28)

− 8.88 (− 21.02 to 3.26)

 41–50,000

3.25 (− 15.18 to 21.69)

4.95 (− 14.36 to 24.28)

Duration of illness

 ≤ 1 year ^R

 2–3 years

− 1.90 (− 4.46 to 0.66)

− 2.12 (− 4.73 to 0.49)

 ≥ 4 years

2.02 (− 0.91 to 4.95)

1.14 (− 2.49 to 4.78)

Presence of Liver cirrhosis

 No ^R

 Yes

3.07 (− 0.17 to 6.32)

0.34 (− 3.62 to 4.32)

Previous therapy

 No ^R

 Yes

2.42 (0.09 to 4.74)

1.92 (0.56 to 4.41)