Table 1 Results multivariable mixed effect logistic regression adjusted for clustering on household and community level
Individual characteristics | Ever heard of HIVST N = 5838 (Row %) | Never heard of HIVST N = 1308 (Row %) | OR* | 95% CI | P-value | aOR$ | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in groups | ||||||||
 16–19 years | 820 (74.3%) | 284 (25.7%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – | < 0.001 |
 20–29 years | 1300 (82.4%) | 277 (17.6%) | 0.57 | 0.46–0.71 | 0.74 | 0.58–0.95 | ||
 30–39 years | 1239 (87.0%) | 185 (13.0%) | 0.38 | 0.30–0.49 | 0.56 | 0.42–0.74 | ||
 40–49 years | 929 (87.6%) | 131 (12.4%) | 0.35 | 0.27–0.45 | 0.50 | 0.36–0.68 | ||
 50–59 years | 662 (84.0%) | 126 (16.0%) | 0.49 | 0.37–0.64 | 0.58 | 0.42–0.82 | ||
 60 years and older | 867 (75.1%) | 288 (24.9%) | 0.94 | 0.75–1.17 | 0.99 | 0.72–1.36 | ||
 Constant | – | – | 0.27 | 0.21–0.34 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 2213 (79.9%) | 554 (20.1%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
 Female | 3625 (82.8%) | 754 (17.2%) | 0.80 | 0.70–0.92 | – | – | – | |
 Constant | – | – | 0.18 | 0.15–0.22 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Marital status | ||||||||
 Married | 3585 (84.6%) | 655 (15.4%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
 Never married | 1227 (75.9%) | 390 (24.1%) | 1.92 | 1.63–2.27 | – | – | – | |
 Widowed/separated/divorced | 1026 (79.6%) | 263 (20.4%) | 1.50 | 1.24–1.82 | – | – | – | |
 Constant | – | – | 0.12 | 0.10–0.15 |  < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Highest level of education | ||||||||
 None/primary | 2412 (78.1%) | 680 (21.9%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – | < 0.001 |
 Some secondary | 1556 (81.4%) | 355 (18.6%) | 0.82 | 0.69–0.96 | 0.84 | 0.70–1.02 | ||
 O levels completeµ | 1571 (87.4%) | 227 (12.6%) | 0.50 | 0.42–0.61 | 0.58 | 0.46–0.72 | ||
 A levels and above£ | 299 (86.7%) | 46 (13.3%) | 0.54 | 0.37–0.78 | 0.51 | 0.34–0.76 | ||
 Constant | – | – | 0.21 | 0.17–0.25 |  < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Able to read newspaper or letter | ||||||||
 No | 866 (72.8%) | 323 (27.2%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
 Yes | 4972 (83.5%) | 985 (16.5%) | 0.50 | 0.42–0.59 | – | – | – | |
 Constant | – | – | 0.28 | 0.23–0.35 |  < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Religion | ||||||||
 Apostolic | 2005 (81.8%) | 445 (18.2%) | – | – | 0.245 | – | – | – |
 Other Christian denomination | 1863 (83.1%) | 380 (16.9%) | 0.99 | 0.83–1.19 | – | – | – | |
 Other, including no religion | 1970 (80.3%) | 483 (19.7%) | 1.14 | 0.95–1.35 | – | – | – | |
 Constant | – | – | 0.15 | 0.12–0.19 |  < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Tribe | ||||||||
 Shona | 4142 (83.7%) | 807 (16.3%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – | 0.0060 |
 Ndebele | 925 (78.5%) | 254 (21.5%) | 1.43 | 1.14–1.79 | 1.28 | 1.02–1.61 | ||
 Kalanga | 489 (75.2%) | 161 (24.8%) | 1.76 | 1.36–2.29 | 1.58 | 1.21–2.07 | ||
 Tonga | 23 (82.1%) | 5 (17.9%) | 1.21 | 0.39–3.70 | 0.93 | 0.29–3.03 | ||
 Other | 250 (76.5%) | 77 (23.5%) | 1.66 | 1.20–2.31 | 1.47 | 1.04–2.07 | ||
 I don’t wish to answer | 9 (69.2%) | 4 (30.8%) | 2.70 | 0.67–10.94 | 2.56 | 0.61–10.73 | ||
 Constant | – | – | 0.14 | 0.12–0.17 |  < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Occupation | ||||||||
 Student | 531 (75.9%) | 168 (24.1%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – |  |
 Subsistence farmer | 3836 (83.1%) | 784 (16.9%) | 0.57 | 0.46–0.72 | 0.83 | 0.62–1.10 |  | |
 Self-employed | 1045 (80.2%) | 258 (19.8%) | 0.70 | 0.54–0.92 | 1.08 | 0.79–1.46 | 0.0131 | |
 Formal employment | 426 (81.3%) | 98 (18.7%) | 0.68 | 0.49–0.95 | 1.17 | 0.81–1.70 |  | |
 Constant | – | – | 0.25 | 0.19–0.32 |  < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Regular salary | ||||||||
 No | 4909 (81.9%) | 1084 (18.1%) | - | - | 0.327 | – | – | – |
 Yes | 929 (80.6%) | 224 (19.4%) | 1.10 | 0.91–1.33 | – | – | – | |
 Constant | – | – | 0.16 | 0.13–0.19 |  < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Perception general health | ||||||||
 Very good | 1534 (82.8%) | 318 (17.2%) | – | – | 0.027 | – | – | 0.0165 |
 Good | 2247 (82.8%) | 466 (17.2%) | 0.96 | 0.80–1.15 | 1.04 | 0.85–1.25 | ||
 Fair | 1184 (80.9%) | 278 (19.1%) | 1.02 | 0.83–1.26 | 1.10 | 0.88–1.38 | ||
 Poor | 797 (78.8%) | 214 (21.2%) | 1.20 | 0.96–1.51 | 1.30 | 1.01–1.67 | ||
 Don’t want to answer | 76 (70.4%) | 32 (29.6%) | 1.93 | 1.16–3.22 | 2.15 | 1.27–3.65 | ||
 Constant | – | – | 0.16 | 0.13–0.19 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Living here last 12Â months | ||||||||
 No | 292 (70.7%) | 121 (29.3%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 5546 (82.4%) | 1187 (17.6%) | 0.44 | 0.33–0.57 | 0.48 | 0.36–0.63 | ||
 Constant | – | – | 0.34 | 0.25–0.46 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
SSQ ≥ 9 | ||||||||
 No | 490 (60.4%) | 732 (39.6%) | – | – | 0.262 | – | – | – |
 Yes | 5348 (84.4%) | 576 (15.6%) | 0.92 | 0.80–1.06 | – | – | – | |
 Constant | – | – | 0.16 | 0.14–0.20 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Ever tested for HIV | ||||||||
 No | 3193 (81.3%) | 321 (18.7%) | – | – | < 0.001 | – | – |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 2645 (82.1%) | 987 (17.9%) | 0.24 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.30 | 0.25–0.37 | ||
 Constant | – | – | 0.55 | 0.44–0.69 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Household head | ||||||||
 Household head | 2398 (83.2%) | 485 (16.8%) | – | – | 0.0008 | – | – | 0.1002 |
 Household head representative | 777 (83.6%) | 153 (16.4%) | 0.93 | 0.74–1.17 | 1.07 | 0.83–1.37 | ||
 Not head/represent | 2663 (79.9%) | 670 (20.1%) | 1.27 | 1.10–1.47 | 1.21 | 1.01–1.45 | ||
 Constant | – | – | 0.14 | 0.12–0.18 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
 Constant multivariable model | – | – | – | – | – | 1.30 | 0.84–2.03 | 0.245 |