Table 1 Distribution of various exposure characteristics among IAV positive ILI patients
From: Sentinel surveillance for influenza A viruses in Lahore District Pakistan in flu season 2015–2016
Characteristics | ILI cases | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IAV positive cases (n = 40) | IAV Positive cases (n = 40) | IAV negative cases (n = 244) | Total (n = 284) | |||
H1N1pm09 | H3N2 | Untyped | ||||
Age | ||||||
0–15 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (5.0%) | 3 (5.5%) | 36 (14.7%) | 39 (13.7%) |
16–30 | 6 (15.0%) | 8 (20.0%) | 8 (20.0%) | 22 (55.0%) | 105 (43.0%) | 127 (44.7%) |
31–45 | 1 (2.5%) | 3 (7.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 66 (27.0%) | 75 (26.4%) |
46–60 | 2 (5.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 3 (7.5%) | 6 (15.0%) | 31 (12.7%) | 37 (13.0%) |
> 60 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.4%) | 6 (2.11%) |
Gender | ||||||
Female | 4 (10.0%) | 6 (15.0%) | 8 (20.0%) | 18 (45.0%) | 166 (68.0%) | 184 (64.7%) |
Male | 5 (12.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | 10 (25.0%) | 22 (55.0%) | 78 (32.0%) | 100 (35.2%) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 6 (15%) | 6 (15%) | 12 (30%) | 24 (60.0%) | 146 (59.8) | 170 (59.9%) |
Unmarried | 3 (7.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 15 (37.5%) | 97 (39.7%) | 112 (39.4%) |
Widow | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) |
Divorced | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (0.4%) |
Family system | ||||||
Single | 6 (15.0%) | 9 (22.5%) | 11 (27.5%) | 25 (65.0%) | 144 (59.0%) | 170 (59.8%) |
Extended | 3 (7.5%) | 4 (10.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | 14 (35.0%) | 100 (41.0%) | 114 (40.1%) |
Education | ||||||
Illiterate | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (7.4%) | 18 (6.3%) |
Primary | 3 (7.5%) | 2 (5.0%) | 5 (12.5%) | 10 (25.0%) | 73 (29.9%) | 83 (29.2%) |
Secondary | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (5.0%) | 4 (10.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | 48 (19.7%) | 55 (19.3%) |
Intermediate | 2 (5.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | 16 (40.0%) | 79 (32.4%) | 95 (33.4%) |
Graduate/post graduate | 3 (7.5%) | 2 (5.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | 26 (10.6%) | 33 (11.6%) |
Income/month in rupees (US$) | ||||||
Less than 10,000 (< 96) | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (5.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 4 (10.0%) | 50 (20.5%) | 54 (19.0) |
10,000 to 15,000 (96–144) | 3 (7.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 12 (30.0%) | 24 (60.0%) | 133 (54.5%) | 157 (55.2%) |
15,000 to 20,000 (144–192) | 2 (5.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 8 (20.0%) | 39 (16.0%) | 47 (16.5%) |
More than 20,000 (> 192$) | 3 (7.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (10.0%) | 22 (9.0%) | 26 (9.1%) |
Occupation | ||||||
Government/private employees | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 17 (7.0%) | 19 (6.6%) |
Jobless skilled worker | 4 (10.0%) | 5 (12.5%) | 4 (10.0%) | 13 (32.5%) | 56 (23.0%) | 69 (24.2%) |
Housewife | 3 (7.5%) | 3 (7.5%) | 4 (10.0%) | 10 (25.0%) | 104 (42.6%) | 114 (40.1%) |
Health professional | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (0.7%) |
Driver | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 3 (1.2%) | 5 (1.7%) |
Others | 1 (2.5%) | 4 (10.0%) | 8 (20.0%) | 13 (32.5%) | 64 (26.2%) | 77 (27.1%) |
Travel history | ||||||
No | 7 (17.5%) | 11 (27.5%) | 13 (32.5%) | 31 (77.5%) | 199 (81.55%) | 230 (80.9%) |
Yes | 2 (5.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 5 (12.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 45 (18.4%) | 54 (19.0%) |
Contact with poultry | ||||||
No | 9 (22.5%) | 11 (27.5%) | 14 (35.0%) | 34 (85.0%) | 215 (88.1%) | 249 (87.6%) |
Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 4 (10.0%) | 6 (15.0%) | 29 (11.9%) | 35 (12.3%) |
Use of public transport | ||||||
No | 8 (20.0%) | 13 (32.5%) | 16 (40.0%) | 37 (92.5%) | 231 (94.7%) | 268 (94.3%) |
Yes | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 3 (7.5%) | 13 (5.3%) | 16 (5.6%) |
Pre-existing condition | ||||||
No | 4 (10.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | 13 (32.5%) | 28 (70.0%) | 179 (73.4) | 207 (72.9 |
Yes | 5 (12.5) | 2 (5.0%) | 5 (12.5) | 12 (30%) | 65 (26.63) | 77 (27.1) |
Use of antibiotics | ||||||
No | 2 (5.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | 8 (20.0%) | 17 (42.5%) | 174 (71.3%) | 191 (67.3%) |
Yes | 7 (17.5%) | 6 (15.0%) | 10 (25.0%) | 23 (57.5%) | 70 (28.7%) | 77 (27.1%) |
Use of antiviral | ||||||
No | 9 (22.5%) | 13 (32.5%) | 18 (45.0%) | 40 (100.0%) | 244 (100.0%) | 284 (100%) |
Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Knowing about influenza vaccine | ||||||
No | 9 (22.5%) | 13 (32.5%) | 18 (45.0%) | 40 (100.0%) | 242 (99.2%) | 282 (99.3%) |
Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (0.7%) |
Vaccinated with influenza vaccine | ||||||
No | 9 (22.5%) | 13 (32.5%) | 18 (45.0%) | 40 (100.0%) | 243 (99.6%) | 283 (99.6%) |
Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.4%) |
Vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine | ||||||
No | 9 (22.5%) | 13 (32.5%) | 18 (45.0%) | 40 (100.0%) | 228 (93.4%) | 268 (94.4%) |
Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 16 (6.6%) | 16 (5.6%) |
Pregnancy | ||||||
First trimester | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.2%) | 3 (1.1%) |
Second trimester | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (1.6%) | 4 (1.4%) |
Third trimester | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Not pregnant | 6 (15.0%) | 6 (15.0%) | 10 (25.0%) | 22 (55.0%) | 113 (46.3%) | 135 (47.5%) |
Not applicable | 3 (7.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | 8 (20.0%) | 18 (45.0%) | 124 (50.8%) | 142 (50.0%) |