Table 2 14 cases with Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis treated with surgery and medications
Patient | Region | Age | Sex | Neurological symptom and sign | Medical treatment | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Arizona | 13 | Female | Left hemiparesis, slurred speech, headaches, emesis | Dexamethasone, levetiracetam, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, metronidazole, miltefosine, fluconazole, flucytosine, azithromycin, sulfadiazine | Death | [2] |
2 | China | 7 | Female | Red plaque on the face | Lincomycin, interferong-γ | Complete recovery for 13 years | [5] |
3 | Thailand | 4 | Female | Headaches, vomiting, ataxia, cerebellar nystagmus | Pentamidine, sulfasalazine, fluconazole, clarithromycin, amphotericin B | Death | [9] |
4 | Texas | 38 | Male | Seizures, headaches, lethargy, left hemiparesis | Phenytoin, prednisone, broad spectrum antibiotics | Death | [10] |
5 | Japan | 68 | Male | Seizures, right hemiparesis, unconscious | Prednisone, levetiracetam | Death | [11] |
6 | Australia | 80 | Female | Generalized seizures | Prednisolone, ceftriaxone, penicillinG, metronidazole, azithromyci, itraconazole, sulfadiazine, flucytosine, liposomal amphotericin | Complete recovery for 18 months | [12] |
7 | Japan | 57 | Female | Mild dysarthria, fever, headaches, vomiting, coma | Cefazolin, dexamethasone, ceftriaxone, metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, meropenem | Death | [13] |
8 | Argentina | 12 | Male | Fever, lethargy, right hemiparesis | Prednisone, pentamidine, fluorocytosine, fluconazole | Death | [14] |
9 | Argentina | 5 | Male | Seizures, unconscious | Pentamidine, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, clarithromycin | Death | [14] |
10 | Argentina | 3 | Female | Seizures, left hemiparesis, coma | Pentamidine, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, clarithromycin | Death | [14] |
11 | Argentina | 6 | Male | Right hemiparesis, unconscious | Pentamidine, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, clarithromycin | Death | [14] |
12 | Portugal | 8 | Male | Headaches, vomiting, lethargy, medial esotropia | Fluconazole, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | Death | [15] |
13 | Texas | 69 | Female | Altered mental, ataxia, cranial nerve palsy | Sulfadiazine, zithromycin, fluconazole miltefosine, pentamidine | Death | [16] |
14 | California | 84 | Male | Altered mental, headaches | Doxycycline, minocycline, topical clobetasol, azithromycin, flucytosine, sulfadiazine | Complete recovery for 1 year | [17] |