Table 4 Predictors of intestinal microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in the clinic of NACP at Al-Jomhori Educational Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen (2019–2020)
Variable | N | Intestinal microsporidiosis | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | OR (95% CI) | |||
CD4 cell count (/µl) | ||||
< 200 | 90 | 23 (25.6) | 2.7 (1.5–5.0) | 0.001 |
≥ 200 | 306 | 34 (11.1) | Reference | |
Source of drinking water | ||||
Bottled | 150 | 17 (11.3) | Reference | 0.238 |
Unbottled | 252 | 40 (15.9) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | |
Bathing and/or swimming outdoors | ||||
Yes | 93 | 12 (12.9) | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 0.738 |
No | 309 | 45 (14.6) | Reference | |
Contact with soil | ||||
Yes | 287 | 46 (16.0) | 2.4 (0.9–6.2) | 0.083 |
No | 67 | 5 (7.5) | Reference | |
Washing hands after contact with soil | ||||
Yes | 133 | 11 (8.3) | Reference | 0.002 |
No | 155 | 34 (21.9) | 3.1 (1.5–6.4) | |
Washing hands before eating | ||||
Yes | 307 | 30 (9.8) | Reference | < 0.001 |
No | 95 | 27 (28.4) | 3.7 (2.0–6.6) | |
Eating unwashed raw produce | ||||
Yes | 199 | 37 (18.6) | 2.1 (1.2–3.7) | 0.015 |
No | 201 | 20 (10.0) | Reference | |
Presence of domestic animals in the house | ||||
Yes | 178 | 22 (12.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.390 |
No | 224 | 35 (15.6) | Reference | |
Presence of indoor latrines | ||||
Yes | 385 | 46 (11.9) | Reference | < 0.001 |
No | 17 | 11 (64.7) | 13.5 (4.8–38.3) | |
Indiscriminate defecation | ||||
Yes | 162 | 24 (14.8) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.877 |
No | 182 | 25 (13.7) | Reference | |