Table 2 Plasma concentration of immune and endothelial dysfunction markers at clinical presentation according to the diagnosis
All (n = 110) | Bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (n = 17) | Viral community-acquired pneumonia (n = 8) | Unknown origin community-acquired pneumonia (n = 7) | Bronchitis (n = 78) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Common biomarkers | ||||||
CRP mg/l | 22 (8–85) | 17 (10–144) | 14 (8–29) | 43 (8–50) | 23 (8–86) | 0.661 |
PCT µg/l | 0.09 (0.05–0.21) | 2.62 (0.22–4.64) | 0.06 (0.05–0.17) | 0.05 (0.05–0.16) | 0.05 (0.05–0.16) | 0.000 |
Biomarkers of immune activation | ||||||
sTREM-1 pg/ml | 378 (240–566) | 624 (513–1154) | 437 (244–1164) | 348 (222–471) | 337 (221–479) | 0.000 |
IL-6, pg/ml | 17 (6–71) | 582 (36–1677) | 9 (8–190) | 10 (1–15) | 14 (5–41) | 0.000 |
sTNFR-1, pg/ml | 4791 (3036–7541) | 9618 (5647–19,722) | 6923 (3604–8385) | 4242 (2964–9908) | 4445 (2794–5961) | 0.002 |
CHI3L-1, ng/ml | 41 (13–137) | 116 (40–538) | 80 (17–378) | 56 (12–80) | 30 (12–110) | 0.018 |
IL-8, pg/ml | 15 (8–39) | 16 (12–51) | 18 (12–34) | 11 (5–21) | 14 (7–42) | 0.556 |
IP-10, pg/ml | 397 (104–915) | 473 (265–915) | 761 (177–2096) | 276 (45–916) | 380 (94–874) | 0.411 |
Biomarkers of endothelial activation | ||||||
Angpt-2, pg/ml | 1795 (929–3396) | 3181 (544–7719) | 1130 (338–2887) | 1728 (1120–2870) | 1876 (940–2701) | 0.345 |
sVCAM-1, ng/ml | 1804 (1109–3257) | 2998 (1934–4494) | 1934 (1093–2248) | 1549 (869–3640) | 1575 (1035–2743) | 0.038 |
sICAM-1, ng/ml | 481 (229–880) | 767 (370–933) | 297 (250–1063) | 165 (105–577) | 481 (214–882) | 0.132 |
Angpt-1, pg/ml | 3529 (1262–9276) | 3381 (944–9963) | 13,389 (3103–22,903) | 3157 (1622–7932) | 3438 (1242–8267) | 0.197 |
sVEGFR-1, pg/ml | 183 (106–275) | 233 (156–335) | 172 (105–224) | 83 (58–244) | 183 (104–277) | 0.116 |