Table 1 Characteristics of the reproductive aged women registered with dengue fever according to their pregnancy status
Pregnant women N = 949 (%) | Non-pregnant women N = 26,656 (%) | OR [CI 95%] | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of notification | ||||
2016 | 502 (52.9) | 13,206 (49.5) | REFk | |
2017 | 10 (1.1) | 310 (1.2) | 0.85 [0.45–1.60] | 0.6129 |
2018 | 12 (1.2) | 280 (1.1) | 1.13 [0.63–2.02] | 0.6873 |
2019 | 425 (44.8) | 12,860 (48.2) | 0.87 [0.76–0.99] | 0.0369 |
Racea | ||||
White | 689 (72.6) | 19,393 (72.8) | REF | |
Black | 216 (22.8) | 6091 (22.9) | 1.00 [0.85–1.17] | 0.9813 |
Others | 8 (0.9) | 298 (1.1) | 0.76 [0.37–1.53] | 0.4375 |
Educationb | ||||
Incomplete P. E.c | 29 (3.1) | 803 (3.0) | REF | |
Incomplete S. E.d | 122 (12.9) | 3502 (13.1) | 0.97 [0.64–1.46] | 0.8640 |
Complete S. E.e | 553 (58.3) | 14,873 (55.8) | 1.03 [0.70–1.51] | 0.8807 |
Age (years) | ||||
10–19 | 152 (16.0) | 5266 (19.8) | REF | |
20–29 | 461 (48.6) | 7120 (26.7) | 2.24 [1.86–2.70] | 0.0000 |
30–39 years | 256 (27.0) | 7385 (27.7) | 1.20 [0.98–1.47] | 0.0782 |
40–49 years | 80 (8.4) | 6885 (25.8) | 0.40 [0.31–0.53] | 0.0000 |
Macroregions | ||||
Eastern | 150 (15.8) | 2739 (10.3) | ||
Western | 269 (28.4) | 7928 (29.7) | 0.71 [0.58–0.86] | 0.0007 |
Northern | 244 (25.7) | 8581 (32.2) | 0.52 [0.42–0.64] | 0.0000 |
Northeastern | 286 (30.1) | 7408 (27.8) | 0.62 [0.51–0.76] | 0.0000 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Presence of at least one comorbidity? (Y/N) | 50 (5.3) | 1278 (4.8) | 1.10 [0.83–1.48] | 0.5024 |
Diabetes | 16 (1.7) | 297 (1.1) | 1.52 [0.92–2.53] | 0.1046 |
Hematological diseasesf | 6 (0.6) | 111 (0.4) | 1.52 [0.67–3.47] | 0.3181 |
Liver diseasesg | 2 (0.2) | 119 (0.5) | 0.47 [0.12–1.91] | 0.2916 |
Chronic kidney disease | 3 (0.3) | 90 (0.3) | 0.94 [0.30–2.97] | 0.9131 |
Hypertension | 25 (2.6) | 804 (3.0) | 0.87 [0.58–1.30] | 0.4987 |
Acid-peptic diseases | 3 (0.3) | 120 (0.5) | 0.70 [0.22–2.21] | 0.5457 |
Autoimmune diseasesh | 4 (0.4) | 121 (0.5) | 0.93 [0.34–2.52] | 0.8838 |
Laboratory diagnosis test | ||||
Submit to at least one diagnostic test? (Y/N) | 726 (82.6) | 16,067 (66.7) | 2.37 [1.99–2.83] | 0.0000 |
Serotype identificationi | ||||
DENV-1 | 71 (42.3) | 1058 (43.2) | REF | |
DENV-2 | 80 (47.6) | 1260 (51.4) | 0.95 [0.68–1.32] | 0.7421 |
DENV-3 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.00 | –k |
DENV-4 | 17 (10.1) | 132 (5.4) | 1.92 [1.10–3.36] | 0.0223 |
Characteristic signs and symptoms | ||||
Fever | 513 (54.1) | 16,900 (63.4) | 0.68 [0.60–0.77] | 0.0000 |
Myalgia | 523 (55.1) | 16,771 (62.9) | 0.72 [0.64–0.82] | 0.0000 |
Headache | 540 (56.90 | 17,208 (64.6) | 0.73 [0.64–0.83] | 0.0000 |
Exanthema | 212 (22.3) | 6086 (22.8) | 0.97 [0.83–1.14] | 0.7244 |
Vomiting | 177 (18.7) | 4350 (16.3) | 1.18 [1.00–1.39] | 0.0568 |
Nausea | 288 (30.4) | 9081 (34.1) | 0.84 [0.73–0.97] | 0.0175 |
Back pain | 247 (26.0) | 8427 (31.6) | 0.76 [0.66–0.88] | 0.0003 |
Conjunctivitis | 14 (1.5) | 812 (3.0) | 0.48 [0.28–0.81] | 0.0064 |
Arthritis | 87 (9.2) | 2895 (10.9) | 0.83 [0.66–1.04] | 0.0993 |
Severe arthralgia | 15 (15.8) | 5034 (18.9) | 0.81 [0.68–0.96] | 0.0173 |
Petechiae | 82 (8.6) | 2522 (9.5) | 0.91 [0.72–1.14] | 0.3956 |
Leukopenia | 52 (5.5) | 1704 (6.4) | 0.85 [0.64–1.13] | 0.2581 |
Tourniquet test | 48 (5.1) | 1859 (7.0) | 0.71 [0.53–0.95] | 0.0228 |
Retro-orbital pain | 294 (31.0) | 9633 (36.1) | 0.79 [0.69–0.91] | 0.0012 |
Level of severity classification | ||||
Dengue | 928 (97.8) | 26,314 (98.7) | REF | |
Dengue with warning signs | 17 (1.8) | 321 (1.2) | 1.51 [0.92–2.46] | 0.1027 |
Severe dengue | 4 (0.4) | 21 (0.1) | 5.40 [1.85–15.77] | 0.0020 |
Hospitalizationj | ||||
Hospitalized? (Y/N) | 107 (13.9) | 1100 (5.2) | 2.93 [2.37–3.63] | 0.0000 |
Outcome | ||||
Death | 0 | 12 (0.1) | 0.00 | –m |