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Table 2 SARS-Cov-2 SEROPREVALENCE (ELISA-S ≥ 1.11) according to living conditions, and individual socio-economic factors, in people living in France2: the national EpiCov cohort, round 1—May 2020

From: Prevalence of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies and living conditions: the French national random population-based EPICOV cohort

 

N

n

%3

95% CI3

P

Population density in municipality of residence

     

 Low

3666

219

3.4

[2.6–4.3]

 < 0.001

 Medium

3562

199

3.3

[2.4–4.1]

 

 High

4886

367

6.4

[5.3–7.5]

 

Living in a socially deprived neighbourhood

    

 No

11,589

743

4.2

[3.7–4.8]

0.021

 Yes

525

42

8.2

[3.7–12.7]

 

Overcrowded housing4

     

 Living alone

1665

74

2.1

[1.3–2.9]

 < 0.001

 Housing not particularly crowded

9095

588

4.3

[3.7–4.9]

 

 Crowded housing

1097

100

9.2

[6.1–12.4]

 

Number of people in the household

    

 1

1665

74

2.1

[1.3–2.9]

 < 0.001

 2

4266

203

2.7

[2.1–3.3]

 

 3

2268

173

5.2

[3.8–6.4]

 

 4

2560

210

7.1

[5.4–8.7]

 

 5 or more

1349

125

8.5

[5.7–11.3]

 

Suspected COVID cases in the household5

    

 Living alone

1665

74

2.1

[1.3–2.9]

 < 0.001

 No reported cases

8822

433

4.0

[3.3–4.7]

 

 At least one reported case

1621

278

12.9

[10.4–15.3]

 

Minor living in the household

     

 Living alone

1665

74

2.1

[1.2–2.9]

 < 0.001

 No minor

6284

344

3.8

[3.1–4.5]

 

 At least one minor

4159

367

6.9

[5.6–8.2]

 

Left usual dwelling during lockdown6

   

 No

11,414

731

4.4

[3.8–4.9]

0.17

 Yes

700

54

6.6

[2.9–10.2]

 

Gender

     

 Men

5469

321

3.9

[3.1–4.7]

0.053

 Women

6645

464

5.0

[4.3–5.8]

 

Age (years)

     

 15–20

928

51

3.6

[1.8–5.4]

 < 0.001

 21–29

1253

81

5.7

[3.6–7.8]

 

 30–49

4072

366

6.9

[5.8–8.1]

 

 50–64

3375

204

4.5

[3.2–5.9]

 

 > 64

2486

83

1.3

[0.9–1.8]

 

Tobacco use

     

 Daily smoker

1995

69

2.8

[1.8–3.8]

0.031

 Occasional smoker

470

33

5.1

[2.6–7.5]

 

 Ex-smoker

3888

253

4.5

[3.4–5.7]

 

 Non-smoker

5756

430

5.1

[4.2–5.9]

 

Immigration status

     

 French native

9546

597

4.1

[3.5–4.7]

 < 0.001

 1st-generation immigrant from Europe7

374

24

4.8

[1.9–7.9]

 

 1st-generation immigrant from outside Europe7

528

55

9.4

[5.5–13.3]

 

 2nd-generation immigrant from Europe8

706

41

3.6

[2.0–5.3]

 

 2nd-generation immigrant from outside Europe

548

43

6.2

[3.4–9.0]

 

Occupational status

     

 Healthcare profession9

578

74

11.4

[7.7–15.1]

 < 0.001

 Other essential profession10

1219

99

5.2

[3.6–6.9]

 

 Non-essential profession

4960

365

5.7

[4.7–6.7]

 

 Not occupation

5356

247

3.0

[2.2–3.8]

 

Highest diploma attained

     

 < High school

4236

204

2.8

[2.1–3.6]

 < 0.001

 ≥ High school and < Bachelor’s degree

4029

282

5.8

[4.7–6.9]

 

 ≥ Bachelor’s degree

3849

299

6.2

[5.1–7.4]

 

Family income per capita (deciles)

    

 D01 (lowest)

798

52

5.7

[2.5–8.9]

0.008

 D02–D03

1430

86

4.8

[3.3–6.4]

 

 D04–D05

1718

97

3.3

[2.3–4.3]

 

 D06–D07

2423

128

2.9

[2.1–3.7]

 

 D08–D09

3332

237

5.5

[4.4–6.6]

 

 D10 (highest)

2112

159

6.0

[4.5–7.4]

 

Reported testing by PCR

     

 Tested positive

83

74

80.5

[60.5–< 1]

 < 0.001

 Tested negative

292

22

5.9

[1.1–9.7]

 

 Result of test unknown

21

1

0.4

[0.4–10.1]

 

 Not tested

11,696

683

4.1

[3.6–4.7]

 

 Don’t know if tested

22

5

25.3

[0.3–50.2]

 
  1. Bold is used to underline % and OR
  2. 1Home sampling by finger prick/Euroimmun ELISA-S test
  3. 2People aged 15 years or over residing in mainland France, outside residential housing for the elderly and prisons
  4. 3The sampling design is taken into account for the estimation of prevalence, confidence intervals and statistical tests, with the SAS procsurvey procedure. The percentages are weighted by sampling weight (the inverse of inclusion probability), corrected for non-response probability and calibrated on the margin of the census. The prevalences are not equal to n/N
  5. 4Living in a housing area with less than 18 m2 per inhabitant
  6. 5Other members of the household reported by the participant as having had symptoms or positive PCR tests since February 2020
  7. 6First national lockdown in France: March 17th to May 11th
  8. 7First-generation immigrants: born non-French outside France and living permanently in France (including those who subsequently acquired French nationality)
  9. 8Second-generation immigrants: born and living in France, with at least one parent being a first-generation immigrant
  10. 9Including medical and paramedical professionals, Firefighters, Pharmacists and ambulance drivers (but not including hospital cleaners, for example)
  11. 10Home helps or housekeepers, food shop workers, delivery drivers, public transportation drivers, cab drivers, bank customer service or reception staff, petrol station employees, police officers, postal workers, cleaning staff, security guards, construction workers, truck drivers, farmers and social workers
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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