Table 4 Factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes
Variable | Unsuccessful outcomes No. (%) | Univariate analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Female | 28 (17.5) | Referent | |||
Male | 11 (20.8) | 1.23 (0.57–2.69) | 0.59 | ||
Age (years) | |||||
< 5 | 3 (21.4) | Referent | |||
5–9 | 5 (20.8) | 1.04 (0.21–5.19) | 0.96 | ||
10–14 | 31 (17.8) | 1.27 (0.33–4.81) | 0.72 | ||
Baseline body weight | |||||
Normal | 15 (15.6) | Referent | |||
Below normal | 24 (20.5) | 1.39 (0.68–2.84) | 0.36 | ||
Co-morbidity | |||||
No | 37 (18.7) | Referent | |||
Yes | 2 (13.3) | 0.67 (0.14–3.09) | 0.60 | ||
Previous TB treatment | |||||
No | 15 (19.0) | Referent | |||
Yes | 23 (18.4) | 0.96 (0.47–1.98) | 0.91 | ||
Unknown | 1 (11.1) | 0.53 (0.06–4.59) | 0.56 | ||
History of treatment with SLD | |||||
No | 36 (17.6) | Referent | Referent | ||
Yes | 3 (37.5) | 2.82 (0.64–12.32) | 0.16 | 2.70 (0.55–13.29) | 0.22 |
Type of drug-resistant TB | |||||
Rifampicin resistant | 17 (20.2) | Referent | |||
Multidrug resistant | 22 (17.1) | 0.81 (0.40–1.64) | 0.55 | ||
Site of DR-TB | |||||
Ex-PTB | 4 (15.4) | Referent | |||
Pulmonary TB | 35 (18.7) | 1.27 (0.41–3.91) | 0.68 | ||
Sputum smear grading | |||||
Negative | 6 (13.0) | Referent | |||
Scanty (1–9 AFB/100 HPF), + 1 (10–99 AFB/100 HPF) | 18 (19.8) | 1.64 (0.60–4.47) | 0.33 | ||
+ 2 (1–9 AFB/HPF), + 3 (> 9 AFB/100 HPF) | 15 (19.7) | 1.64 (0.59–4.58) | 0.34 | ||
Number of resistant drugs | |||||
1 | 17 (20.5) | Referent | |||
2–4 | 14 (15.6) | 0.71 (0.33–1.56) | 0.40 | ||
> 4 | 8 (20.0) | 0.97 (0.38–2.49) | 0.95 | ||
Resistant to all five first FLD | |||||
No | 33 (17.9) | Referent | |||
Yes | 6 (20.7) | 1.19 (0.45–3.16) | 0.72 | ||
Resistance to pyrazinamide | |||||
No | 24 (16.6) | Referent | |||
Yes | 15 (22.1) | 1.43 (0.69–2.93) | 0.33 | ||
Resistance to ethambutol | |||||
No | 26 (14.4) | Referent | |||
Yes | 13 (24.1) | 1.62 (0.76–3.44) | 0.20 | ||
Resistance to any SLD | |||||
No | 30 (18.4) | Referent | |||
Yes | 9 (18.0) | 0.97 (0.43–2.22) | 0.94 | ||
Resistance to fluoroquinolone | |||||
No | 30 (17.9) | Referent | |||
Yes | 9 (20.0) | 1.15 (0.50–2.64) | 0.74 | ||
Resistance to ethionamide | |||||
No | 37 (17.8) | Referent | |||
Yes | 2 (40.0) | 3.08 (0.49–19.09) | 0.22 | ||
Treatment strategy | |||||
Shorter treatment regimen | 1 (6.7) | Referent | |||
Longer treatment regimen | 38 (19.2) | 3.32 (0.42–26.07) | 0.25 | ||
Use of isoniazid | |||||
No | 36 (18.9) | Referent | |||
Yes | 3 (3.0) | 0.64 (0.18–2.28) | 0.49 | ||
Use of ethambutol | |||||
No | 32 (22.7) | Referent | Referent | ||
Yes | 7 (9.7) | 0.37 (0.153–0.89) | 0.02 | 0.36 (0.14–0.89) | 0.02 |
Use of amikacin | |||||
No | 9 (32.1) | Referent | Referent | ||
Yes | 30 (16.2) | 0.41 (0.17–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.51 (0.20–1.28) | 0.15 |
Use of capreomycin | |||||
No | 37 (18.6) | Referent | |||
Yes | 2 (16.7) | 0.89 (0.19–4.22) | 0.88 | ||
Use of levofloxacin | |||||
No | 9 (16.1) | Referent | |||
Yes | 30 (19.1) | 1.23 (0.54–2.79) | 0.61 | ||
Use of moxifloxacin | |||||
No | 31 (19.5) | Referent | |||
Yes | 8 (14.8) | 0.72 (0.31–1.67) | 0.44 | ||
Use of para-amino salicylic acid | |||||
No | 23 (16.1) | Referent | |||
Yes | 16 (22.9) | 1.55 (0.76–3.16) | 0.23 | ||
Use of linezolid | |||||
No | 32 (17.3) | Referent | |||
Yes | 7 (25.0) | 1.59 (0.62–4.06) | 0.32 | ||
Use of bedaquiline | |||||
No | 39 (18.8) | Referent | |||
Yes | – | Non-computable | |||
Use of clofazimine | |||||
No | 36 (18.7) | Referent | |||
Yes | 3 (15.0) | 1.59 (0.62–4.06) | 0.32 | ||
Use of delamanid | |||||
No | 38 (18.2) | Referent | |||
Yes | 1 (25.0) | 1.50 (0.15–14.82) | 0.72 | ||