Table 4 Association between malaria infection and malaria interventions
Models | Â | Multi-level logistic regression models | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Multi-level simple logistic regression | Model 1: The empty model | Model 2: Malaria interventions model | Model 3: Full model |
| Â | cOR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) |
Fixed part | ||||
 IRS coverage (per 10% coverage) | 0.85 (0.76–0.96) p = 0.008 | – | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) p < 0.001 | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) p = 0.002 |
 LLINs utilization (per 10% utilization) | 0.88 (0.63–1.22) p = 0.441 | – | 0.90 (0.67–1.20) p = 0.480 | 0.91 (0.69–1.22) p = 0.541 |
 Timely access to malaria diagnosis (per 10% utilization) | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) p = 0.540 | – | – | – |
 Timely access to appropriate malaria treatment (per 10% utilization) | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) p = 0.936 | – | – | – |
Individual use of LLINs | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 1 | – | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 0.53 (0.28–1.02) p = 0.056 | – | 0.53 (0.28–1.02) p = 0.056 | 0.54 (0.28–1.04) p = 0.064 |
Area of residence |  |  | – |  |
 Rural (Reference) | 1 | – | – | 1 |
 Urban | 2.02 (1.04–4.65) p = 0.038 | – | – | 1.48 (0.71–3.08) p = 0.291 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male (Reference) | 1 | – | – | 1 |
 Female | 0.72 (0.50–1.03) p = 0.075 | – | – | 0.73 (0.51–1.06) p = 0.101 |
Age, per year | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) p = 0.019 | – | – | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) p = 0.007 |
Random part | ||||
Variance component (cluster) | – | 1.89 (95%CI 0.98–3.63) ICC = 0.37 (95%CI 0.23–0.52) | – | – |