Table 2 Factors and outcomes associated with listeriosis and non-listeriosis
Characteristics | Cases (n = 11) | Controls (n = 26) | Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 7 (63.6) | 16 (61.5) | 0.914 (0.212–3.939) | 0.603 |
Female | 4 (36.4) | 10 (38.5) | ||
Age, ≥ 70 years | 8 (72.7) | 25 (96.1) | 0.107 (0.01–1.175) | 0.070 |
Warm season | 10 (90.9) | 14 (53.8) | 8.571 (0.954–77.008) | 0.033 |
Underlying disease, n (%) | ||||
Diabetes | 2 (18.3) | 7 (26.9) | 0.603 (0.104–3.507) | 0.454 |
CKD | 3 (27.3) | 7 (26.9) | 1.018 (0.209–4.965) | 0.639 |
Cirrhosis | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.297 | |
Solid tumor | 3 (27.3) | 3 (11.5) | 2.875 (0.479–17.239) | 0.236 |
Hematogical malignancy | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 0.694 (0.559–0.862) | 0.703 |
Organ transplant | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Autoimmune disease | 3 (27.3) | 3 (11.5) | 2.875 (0.479–17.239) | 0.236 |
HIV | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Lung disease | 1 (9.1) | 5 (19.2) | 0.420 (0.043–4.087) | 0.41 |
Stroke | 0 (0.0) | 5 (19.2) | 0.656 (0.511–0.843) | 0.151 |
Active gastrointestinal disease | 4 (36.4) | 3 (11.5) | 4.381 (0.785–24.453) | 0.099 |
Coronary artery disease | 4 (36.4) | 12 (46.2) | 0.667 (0.156–2.843) | 0.429 |
Hypertension | 4 (36.4) | 15 (57.7) | 0.419 (0.098–1.794) | 0.235 |
Arrhythmia | 4 (36.4) | 5 (19.2) | 2.4 (0.500–11.519) | 0.241 |
Intravascular device | 3 (27.3) | 4 (15.4) | 2.063 (0.376–11.309) | 0.339 |
Chronic heart failure | 2 (18.3) | 7 (26.9) | 0.603 (0.104–3.507) | 0.454 |
Perinatal | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.297 | |
Medicine, n (%) | ||||
Steroid | 6 (54.5) | 5 (19.2) | 5.040 (1.085–23.419) | 0.042 |
MTX | 2 (18.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.083 | |
Adalimumab | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.297 | |
Acid inhibitor | 10 (90.9) | 20 (76.9) | 3.0 (0.317–28.434) | 0.31 |
Oral iron | 1 (9.1) | 3 (11.5) | 0.767 (0.071–8.299) | 0.659 |
Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Fever | 11 (100.0) | 21 (80.8) | 1.524 (1.186–1.958) | 0.151 |
Diarrhea | 4 (36.4) | 2 (7.7) | 6.857 (1.031–45.604) | 0.051 |
Bloody stool | 2 (18.3) | 2 (7.7) | 2.667 (0.325–21.872) | 0.341 |
Central nervous system manifestation | 2 (18.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.083 | |
Blood test, mean (Min–Max, SD) | ||||
Neutrophil, /μL | 7396 (399*-14,789, 4108) | 10,225 (2892–23,016, 5298) | 0.146 | |
Lymphocyte, /μL | 1024 (399*-2293, 595) | 709 (99–1519, 394) | 0.264 | |
Neutrophil/Lymphocyte | 9.46 (1–19, 5.662) | 18.44 (5–56, 13.032) | 0.015 | |
Hb, g/dL | 11.2 (8.5–14.2, 1.6) | 11.6 (6.0–15.6, 2.4) | 0.921 | |
Platelet, × 103/μL | 177.5 (32.0–429, 127.0) | 169.8 (56.0–332.0, 85.6) | 0.821 | |
AST, U/L | 32.0 (14–51, 14.526) | 29.48 (16–49, 10.638) | 0.618 | |
ALT, U/L | 19.09 (4–40, 11.22) | 22.10 (7–58, 13.870) | 0.584 | |
LDH, U/L | 326.45 (220–620, 119.277) | 305.9 (159–764, 145.781) | 0.347 | |
CK, U/L | 150.67 (19–514, 155.482) | 70.56 (21–209, 52.415) | 0.152 | |
Na, mmol/L | 135.82 (128–145, 5.231) | 138.77 (131–150, 4.364) | 0.096 | |
CRP, mg/dL | 8.735 (0.6–17.9, 5.64) | 12.008 (0.3–31.5, 9.5385) | 0.418 | |
BS, mg/dL | 154.9 (75–420, 116) | 132.84 (65–193, 38.322) | 0.353 | |
Entry of causative microorganisms | ||||
CRBSI | 0 (0.0) | 6 (23.1) | 0.099 | |
UTI | 0 (0.0) | 6 (23.1) | 0.099 | |
IE | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.7) | 0.488 | |
Cholecystitis | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 0.703 | |
Iliopsoas muscle abscess | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 0.703 | |
Pacemaker infection | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 0.703 | |
Unknown | 11 (100.0) | 9 (34.6) | < 0.001 | |
Admission to ICU | 2 (18.3) | 5 (19.2) | 0.933 (0.152–5.739) | 0.661 |
No administration of effective for empiric therapy | 6 (54.5) | 10 (38.5) | 0.16 | |
30 day mortality, n (%) | 2 (18.3) | 5 (19.2) | 0.844 (0.137–5.220) | 0.619 |