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Table 5 Estimated adjusted Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals for infant HIV exposure MTCT

From: Feasibility of using infant testing during immunization to estimate HIV mother-to-child-transmission rates in Zambia

PMTCT interventions/characteristic of primary caregiver

HEI

HII

Sex of infant

  

 Male

 

1

 Female

 

0.4 (− 0.2,1.0 )

Age of mother

  

 Less than 25

1

1

 25–29

0.7*** (0.5,0.8)

− 1.1** (− 1.9,− 0.3)

 30 +

1.2*** (1.0,1.3)

− 1.2*** (− 1.9,− 0.5)

Current vaccination

  

 Penta 1

 

1

 Penta 2

 

− 0.5 (− 1.5,0.4)

 Penta 3

 

− 0.7 (− 1.7,0.3)

 Measles

 

0.6 (− 0.6,1.9)

Place of delivery

  

 Home

 

1

 Health facility

 

− 0.9* (− 1.8,− 0.1 )

 Other

 

1.4 (− 1.0,3.8)

Number of ANC Visitsa

  

 1–2

 

1

 3

 

0.7 (− 0.4,1.8)

 4

 

0.1 (− 1.1,1.2)

 5 +

 

− 0.9 (− 2.3,0.6)

Exclusive breast feeding

  

 Yes

 

1

 No

 

− 0.5 (− 1.5,0.6)

Marital status*

  

 Single

1

1

 Cohabiting

0.4 (− 0.2,1.1)

1.1(− 0.6,2.7)

 Married

− 0.2**(− 0.4,− 0.1)

− 0.3(− 1.1,0.4)

 Divorced

0.3(− 0.5,1.0)

 

 Separated

0.4(− 0.2,1.0)

1.3(− 0.3,2.9)

 Widowed

1.3**(0.5,2.1)

0.7(− 1.4,2.8)

Highest level of Education

  

 Primary

1

1

 Secondary

− 0.2** (− 0.3,− 0.1)

− 0.7*(− 1.3,− 0.0)

 Higher

− 0.2 (− 0.5,0.0)

0.8 (− 0.2,1.9)

 None

− 0.2 (− 0.5,0.1)

-1.1(− 3.1,0.9 )

Occupation (employment status)a

  

 Not employed

1

1

 Formal employment

0.0(− 0.2,0.3)

− 1.3(− 2.7,0.1)

 Self-employed/business

0.1(− 0.0,0.2)

− 0.1 (− 0.8,0.6)

 In school

− 1.6* (− 3.1,− 0.2)

 

 Other

0.7 (− 0.0,1.5)

-0.1(− 2.5,2.3 )

  1. aExcluded from the HII analysis were those who did not go for ANC (5), were divorced (9) or in school(2). N for HEI (8042), HII (1361). *p<0.05,**p<0.01, ***p<0.001