Table 4 Percentual changes (expressed as median and interquartile interval) in parameters of heart rate variability analyzed in the time- and frequency-domains or using non-linear analysis during the tilt test in patients belonging to each of the studied groups: HIV seronegative controls (n = 35) and HIV seropositive patients of Group 1 (treated with 3TC, TDF, EFV, n = 44) and Group 2 (treated with 3TC + AZT; 3TC + TDF + LPV/r, n = 42) with suppressed viremia
| Â | HIV seronegative controls | HIV seropositive | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 (3TC, TDF, EFV) | Group 2 (3TC + AZT; 3TC + TDF + LPV/r) | |||
Number | 35 | 44 | 42 | Â |
Time-domain analysis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean RRi (%) |  − 11.39 (12.51) |  − 14.01 (10.00) |  − 10.95 (8.68) | NS (0.416) |
 STD RR (%) |  − 9.43 (45.59) |  + 5.08 (37.29) |  + 6.29 (66.18) | NS (0.314) |
 pNN50 (%) |  − 45.47 (92.35) |  − 66.97 (41.50) |  − 65.04 (116.90) | NS (0.321) |
 RMSSD (%) |  − 5.60 (44.92) |  − 35.96 (31.52) |  − 29.16 (59.77) | NS (0.078) |
Frequency-domain analysis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 LF freq. (%) |  − 10.10 (26.70) |  + 3.75 (41.89) | 0.00 (17.73) | NS (0.279) |
 LF power (%) |  + 17.01 (189.21) |  − 3.38 (103.13) |  − 6.14 (135.12) | NS (0.338) |
 LF (n.u.) (%) |  + 28.35 (36.48) |  + 23.45 (32.32) |  + 11.93 (35.23) | NS (0.432) |
 HF freq. (%) | 0.00 (31.22) | 0.00 (16.91) |  − 3.54 (41.69) | NS (0.697) |
 HF power (%) |  − 60.47 (116.99) |  − 62.43 (48.59) |  − 52.29 (125.62) | NS (0.886) |
 HF (n.u.) (%) |  − 52.77 (78.63) |  − 43.23 (52.22) |  − 33.23 (62.95) | NS (0.120) |
 LF/HF ratio (%) |  + 155.00 (534.86) |  + 119.78 (306.38) |  + 81.29 (251.76) | NS (0.408) |
Non-linear analysis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Poincaré plot |  |  |  |  |
  SD1 (%) |  − 7.38 (41.62) |  − 34.52 (30.59) |  − 27.85 (60.14) | NS (0.364) |
  SD2 (%) |  − 12.37 (33.74) |  + 10.34 (58.18) |  + 14.02 (63.19) | NS (0.051) |
 Recurrence plot |  |  |  |  |
  Mean line length (%) |  + 8.12 (55.04) |  + 33.04 (75.52) |  + 25.98 (80.96) | NS (0.074) |
  Max line length (%) |  + 1.16 (116.41) |  + 24.62 (111.13) |  − 1.67 (122.92) | NS (0.868) |
  Recurrence rate (%) |  + 2.99 (41.08) |  + 26.21 (52.27) |  + 21.63 (45.34) | NS (0.089) |
  Determinism rate (%) |  + 0.01 (2.09) |  + 0.58 (0.84) |  + 0.54 (1.65) | NS (0.085) |
 Detrended fluctuation analysis |  |  |  |  |
  α1 (%) |  + 3.52 (40.47) |  + 25.40 (30.84) |  + 26.19 (34.42) | NS (0.085) |
  α2 (%) |  + 4.17 (36.00) |  + 6.02 (38.05) |  + 10.07 (53.89) | NS (0.620) |
 Complexity |  |  |  |  |
  Approximate entropy (%) |  − 8.13 (32.82) |  − 26.73 (25.43) |  − 21.14 (19.03) | NS (0.094) |
  Sample entropy (%) |  − 3.45 (47.53) |  − 35.95 (40.50) |  − 24.30 (41.60) | NS (0.079) |
  Correlation dimension (%) |  − 30.77 (84.03) |  − 21.96 (68.76) |  − 2.85 (166.96) | NS (0.730) |