Impact of the Covid-19 epidemic and related social distancing regulations on social contact and SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential in rural South Africa: analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys

Table 3 Location and transport patterns of respondents in 2019 and 2020

Location		Proportion visited (%)		p-value	Hours if visited		p-value	People per visit		p-value	Contact-hours if visited		p-value	Contact-hours		p-value
Own home	2019	98.6	[97.9, 99.1]		19.0	[18.7, 19.2]		5.34	[5.18, 5.50]		107	[103, 111]		106	[102, 110]
	2020	96.2	[88.7, 98.8]	0.11	21.9	[20.9, 22.9]	< 0.001	5.63	[4.96, 6.39]	0.43	121	[104, 140]	0.14	116	[99.6, 136]	0.26
Other house	2019	26.9	[24.8, 29.1]		6.2	[5.72, 6.77]		10.7	[6.90, 16.6]		71.3	[48.4, 105]		19.1	[12.9, 28.4]
	2020	6.26	[2.89, 13.9]	< 0.001	12.8	[6.15, 26.7]	0.11	2.67	[2.02, 3.53]	< 0.001	33.1	[16.8, 65.2]	0.027	2.07	[0.63, 6.81]	< 0.001
Clinic	2019	2.27	[1.65, 3.12]		5.08	[3.76, 6.85]		135	[67.6, 269]		561	[258, 1219]		12.8	[5.72, 28.4]
	2020	4.27	[1.76, 10.0]	0.19	4.88	[3.27, 7.27]	0.86	26.5	[15.1, 46.6]	0.025	150	[78.5, 285]	0.069	6.4	[2.69, 15.1]	0.28
Other locations ^†	2019	32.3	[30.1, 34.6]		6.09	[5.78, 6.42]		92.4	[76.8, 111]		492	[392, 618]		159	[125, 202]
	2020	24.5	[17, 33.9]	0.11	5.38	[3.77, 7.68]	0.46	16.0	[7.53, 34.0]	< 0.001	39.0	[24.6, 61.8]	< 0.001	9.2	[5.21, 16.1]	< 0.001
Private transport	2019	10.5	[9.10, 12.0]		1.75	[1.37, 2.24]		7.34	[6.19, 8.71]		8.27	[6.21, 11.0]		0.87	[0.63, 1.19]
	2020	9.26	[5.4, 15.4]	0.66	2.57	[0.69, 9.52]	0.61	2.69	[2.05, 3.54]	< 0.001	3.52	[1.42, 8.75]	0.014	0.33	[0.12, 0.90]	0.013
Public transport	2019	13.5	[11.9, 15.2]		1.52	[1.29, 1.79]		31.2	[27.1, 36.1]		28.3	[23.4, 34.3]		3.81	[3.04, 4.78]
	2020	14.1	[8.78, 21.8]	0.85	1.99	[0.90, 4.40]	0.54	12.4	[6.35, 24.1]	< 0.001	21.8	[9.27, 51.3]	0.49	3.07	[1.25, 7.54]	0.61

Values are means, aside from the “proportion visited” columns. Values in brackets are the 95% confidence intervals. All p-values are for coefficients for a year indicator variable in a bivariate regression of each column outcome. ^† Detailed information on other locations reported are provided in Additional file 1: Material S5

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