Table 1 Demographics, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients

Age, years

61 (50, 70)

68 (60, 76)

58 (47, 66)

 < 0.001

Sex

 < 0.001

 Male

1036 (48)

360 (56)

676 (44)

 Female

1133 (52)

286 (44)

847 (56)

Smoking history

0.582

 Never

1985 (92)

587 (91)

1398 (92)

 Former

80 (4)

28 (4)

52 (3)

 Current

104 (4)

31 (5)

73 (5)

Body temperature

 < 0.001

  < 37·3 ℃

2052 (95)

589 (91)

1463 (96)

 37.3–38.0 ℃

87 (4)

37 (6)

50 (3)

 > 38.0 ℃

30 (1)

20 (3)

10 (1)

Oxygen saturation

 < 0.001

 ≤ 93%

270 (12)

270 (42)

0 (0)

 > 93%

1899 (88)

376 (58)

1523 (100)

Heart rate

0.009

 Normal

1810 (83)

518 (80)

1292 (85)

 Abnormal

359 (17)

128 (20)

231 (15)

Respiratory rate

 < 0.001

 ≤ 20 per minute

1573 (73)

343 (53)

1230 (81)

 21–29 per minute

528 (24)

235 (36)

293 (19)

 ≥ 30 per minute

68 (3)

68 (11)

0 (0)

No. of comorbidities

 < 0.001

 0

1035 (48)

196 (30)

839 (55)

 1

591 (27)

186 (29)

405 (27)

 ≥ 2

543 (25)

264 (41)

279 (18)

No. of system symptoms

 < 0.001

 0

93 (4)

12 (2)

81 (5)

 1

728 (34)

164 (25)

564 (37)

 2

1130 (52)

386 (60)

744 (49)

 ≥ 3

218 (10)

84 (13)

134 (9)

White blood cell count, × 10⁹/L

5.8 (4.74, 7.06)

6.23 (4.98, 8)

5.68 (4.69, 6.83)

 < 0.001

Neutrophil count, × 10⁹/L

3.48 (2.62, 4.59)

4.02 (3, 5.93)

3.28 (2.52, 4.25)

 < 0.001

Lymphocyte count, × 10⁹/L

1.53 (1.13, 1.91)

1.2 (0.8, 1.69)

1.63 (1.27, 1.97)

 < 0.001

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio

2.23 (1.62, 3.31)

3.21 (1.99, 6.62)

2.03 (1.5, 2.77)

 < 0.001

Monocyte count, × 10⁹/L

0.47 (0.37, 0.59)

0.48 (0.36, 0.62); n = 646

0.47 (0.38, 0.59); n = 1516

0.906

Eosinophilia count, × 10⁹/L

0.11 (0.06, 0.18)

0.09 (0.03, 0.17); n = 646

0.11 (0.07, 0.18); n = 1516

 < 0.001

Basophilia count, × 10⁹/L

0.03 (0.01, 0.04)

0.02 (0.01, 0.03); n = 646

0.03 (0.02, 0.04); n = 1517

 < 0.001

Red blood cell count, × 10⁹/L

4.02 (3.63, 4.4)

3.85 (3.44, 4.24); n = 644

4.08 (3.72, 4.46); n = 1513

 < 0.001

Hemoglobin, g/L

121 (110, 133)

117 (102, 128); n = 644

123 (113, 134); n = 1514

 < 0.001

Platelet count, × 10⁹/L

221.5 (180, 272)

216 (164, 275); n = 645

224 (185, 270); n = 1519

0.008

C-reactive protein, mg/L

1.32 (0.5, 7.35)

6.38 (1, 32.14); n = 638

0.77 (0.5, 3.36); n = 1438

 < 0.001

Lactic dehydrogenase, IU/L

176.92 (149.9, 216.95)

212 (172.2, 279.36); n = 625

166.92 (144.97, 197.7); n = 1437

 < 0.001

Interleukin-6, pg/mL

2.48 (1.5, 6.36)

6.84 (2.73, 21.23); n = 404

1.77 (1.5, 3.68); n = 961

 < 0.001

Procalcitonin, ng/mL

0.05 (0.03, 0.08)

0.07 (0.04, 0.14); n = 514

0.04 (0.03, 0.06); n = 947

 < 0.001

D-dimer, μg/mL

0.39 (0.18, 0.8)

0.64 (0.31, 1.49); n = 420

0.3 (0.14, 0.55); n = 701

 < 0.001