|  | VL at study recruitment (copies/ml) |  |  | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients | Suppressed (≤ 1000) | Non suppressed (> 1000) |  |  | |
Characteristics | N (%1) | n (%2) | n (%2) | χ2 | P value |
Age category (N = 250) |  |  |  | 1.1 | 0.576 |
 < 5 years | 30 (12.0) | 16 (53.3) | 14 (46.7) |  |  |
 5 to < 10 years | 72 (28.8) | 44 (61.1) | 28 (38.9) |  |  |
 10 to 15 years | 148 (59.2) | 94 (63.5) | 54 (36.5) |  |  |
Sex of child (N = 250) |  |  |  | 4.43 | 0.035* |
 Female | 117 (46.8) | 64 (54.7) | 53 (45.3) |  |  |
 Male | 133 (53.2) | 90 (67.7) | 43 (32.3) |  |  |
Primary caregiver relationship to subject (N = 250) |  |  |  | 2.15 | 0.499 |
 Mother | 115 (46.0) | 45 (39.1) | 70 (60.9) |  |  |
 Father | 25 (10.0) | 12 (48.0) | 13 (52.0) |  |  |
 Guardian | 110 (44.0) | 50 (45.5) | 60 (54.5) |  |  |
Educational status of father (N = 192) |  |  |  | 4.16 | 0.527 |
 None | 19 (9.9) | 11 (57.9) | 8 (42.1) |  |  |
 Basic (Primary/JHS/Middle) | 65 (33.9) | 36 (40.0) | 29(60.0) |  |  |
 Secondary | 82 (42.7) | 53 (64.6) | 29 (35.4) |  |  |
 Tertiary | 26 (13.5) | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) |  |  |
Educational status of mother (N = 168) |  |  |  | 1.27 | 0.938 |
 None | 27 (16.1) | 15 (55.6) | 12 (44.4) |  |  |
 Basic (Primary/JHS/Middle) | 94 (56.0) | 59 (64.0) | 35 (36.0) |  |  |
 Secondary | 36 (21.4) | 23 (63.9) | 13 (36.1) |  |  |
 Tertiary | 11 (6.5) | 8 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) |  |  |
Occupational class of father (N = 192) |  |  |  | Φ | 0.541 |
 Professional | 2 (1.0) | 2 (62.5) | 0 (37.5) |  |  |
 Other | 187 (97.4) | 115 (61.5) | 72 (38.5) |  |  |
 Unemployed | 3 (1.6) | 2 (76.5) | 1 (23.5) |  |  |
Occupational class of mother (N = 168) |  |  |  | Φ | 0.73 |
 Professional | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |  |
 Other | 151 (60.4) | 90 (59.5) | 61 (40.5) |  |  |
 Unemployed | 17 (6.8) | 11 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) |  |  |
HIV status of father (N = 250) |  |  |  | 1.83 | 0.401 |
 Negative | 105 (42) | 62 (59.0) | 43 (41.0) |  |  |
 Positive | 62 (24.8) | 36 (58.1) | 26 (41.9) |  |  |
 Unknown | 83 (33.2) | 56 (67.5) | 27 (32.5) |  |  |
HIV status of mother (N = 250) |  |  |  | 1.97 | 0.373 |
 Negative | 10 (4) | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) |  |  |
 Positive | 157 (62.8) | 98 (62.4) | 59 (37.6) |  |  |
 Unknown | 83 (33.2) | 48 (57.8) | 35 (42.2) |  |  |
Clinical and Lab Variables | |||||
 TB treatment in the past (N = 250) |  |  |  | 2.74 | 0.098 |
  No | 179 (71.6) | 116 (64.8) | 63 (35.2) |  |  |
  Yes | 71 (28.4) | 38 (53.5) | 33 (46.5) |  |  |
 WHO stage at ART initiation (N = 250) |  |  |  | 1.82 | 0.611 |
  Stage 1 | 97 (38.8) | 64 (66.0) | 33 (34.) |  |  |
  Stage 2 | 68 (27.2) | 42 (61.8) | 26 (38.3) |  |  |
  Stage 3 | 63 (25.2) | 35 (55.6) | 28 (44.4) |  |  |
  Stage 4 | 22 (8.8) | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) |  |  |
 Baseline VL (N = 74) |  |  |  | Φ | 0.751 |
  < 10,000 | 30 (40.5) | 22 (73.3) | 8 (26.7) |  |  |
  10,000 to 99,999 | 22 (29.7) | 13 (60.0) | 9 (40.0) |  |  |
  100,000 to 499,999 | 12 (16.2) | 8 (66.7) | 4 (33.3) |  |  |
  > 499,999 | 10 (13.5) | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) |  |  |
 Baseline CD4+ Immune suppression status (overall) (N = 225) |  |  |  | 1.36 | 0.71 |
  Severe | 35 (15.6) | 23 (65.7) | 12 (34.3) |  |  |
  Advanced | 25 (11.1) | 17 (68.0) | 8 (32.0) |  |  |
  Mild | 18 (8.0) | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) |  |  |
  none | 147 (65.3) | 90 (61.2) | 57 (38.8) |  |  |
 CD4+ Immune suppression status at study recruitment (overall) (N = 230) |  |  |  | Φ | < 0.001* |
  Severe | 24 (10.4) | 7 (29.2) | 16 (66.7) |  |  |
  Advanced | 18 (7.8) | 1 (38.9) | 11 (61.1) |  |  |
  Mild | 23 (10.0) | 12 (52.1) | 11 (47.8) |  |  |
  normal | 165 (71.7) | 115 (73.3) | 44 (26.7) |  |  |
Art Related Variables | |||||
 Duration of ART (N = 250) |  |  |  | 2.15 | 0.828 |
  < 12 months | 32 (12.8) | 17 (53.1) | 15 (46.9) |  |  |
  12–23 months | 31 (12.4) | 19 (61.2) | 12 (38.8) |  |  |
  24–36 months | 23 (9.2) | 15 (65.2) | 8 (34.8) |  |  |
  36–47 months | 20 (8.0) | 13 (65.0) | 7 (35.0) |  |  |
  49–50 months | 19 (7.6) | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) |  |  |
  > 59 months | 125 (50.0) | 80 (64.0) | 45 (36.0) |  |  |
 Current ART regimen (N = 250) |  |  |  | 5.32 | 0.07 |
  Nevirapine based | 68 (27.2) | 34 (50) | 34(50.0) |  |  |
  Efavirenz based | 173 (69.2) | 114 (65.9) | 59 (34.1) |  |  |
  Second line drug | 9 (3.6) | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) |  |  |
  Adherence (Pill count percentage rate) (N = 250) |  |  |  | 7.99 | 0.018* |
  Poor adherence (85%) | 58 (23.2) | 29 (50) | 29 (50.0) |  |  |
  Fair adherence (85–94%) | 41 (16.4) | 32 (78.0) | 9 (22.0.) |  |  |
  Good adherence (≥ 95%) | 151 (60.4) | 93 (61.6) | 58 (38.4) |  |  |
 Person responsible for child’s medication (N = 250) |  |  |  | 4.55 | 0.336 |
  Mother only | 132 (52.8) | 82 (62.1) | 50 (37.9) |  |  |
  Father only | 25 (10.0) | 13 (52.0) | 12 (48.0) |  |  |
  Both parents | 12 (4.8) | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) |  |  |
  Grandparents | 34 (13.6) | 9 (26.5) | 25(73.5) |  |  |
  Others | 47 (18.8) | 11 (23.4) | 36 (76.6) |  |  |