Table 1 Comparision of clinico-epidemiological characteristics between anemia group and non-anemic group before and after PS matching
Variable | Total Cohort (n = 512,905) | ASD | PS-matched cohort (n = 98,078) | ASD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anemia group n = 49,042 | Non-anemic group n = 463,863 | Anemia group n = 49,039 | Non-anemic group n = 49,039 | |||
Age, year | 54.9 (10.8) | 53.5 (9.5) | 0.134 | 54.9 (10.8) | 54.7 (9.8) | 0.017 |
Sex, male | 12,778 (26.1) | 265,068 (57.1) | 0.708 | 12,778 (26.1) | 12,458 (25.4) | 0.015 |
Residence | ||||||
Seoul (Capital city) | 8214 (16.7) | 79,819 (17.2) | 8213 (16.7) | 8280 (16.9) | ||
Other metropolitan city | 12,838 (26.2) | 127,430 (27.5) | 0.035 | 12,838 (26.2) | 13,065 (26.6) | 0.011 |
Other area | 27,990 (57.1) | 256,614 (55.3) | 0.125 | 27,988 (57.1) | 27,694 (56.5) | 0.012 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
18.5–24.9 (normal) | 34,312 (70.0) | 286,642 (61.8) | 34,311 (70.0) | 33,639 (68.6) | ||
Below 18.5 (Underweight) 25.0–29.9 (Overweight) | 2302 (4.7) | 9561 (2.1) | 0.125 | 2300 (4.7) | 2016 (4.1) | 0.027 |
11,384 (23.2) | 153,504 (33.1) | 0.234 | 11,384 (23.2) | 12,229 (24.9) | 0.041 | |
Above 30.0 (Obese) | 982 (2.0) | 13,741 (3.0) | 0.069 | 982 (2.0) | 1094 (2.2) | 0.016 |
Unknwon | 62 (0.1) | 415 (0.1) | 0.010 | 62 (0.1) | 61 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
Annual income level | ||||||
0–20% | 9698 (19.8) | 70,879 (15.3) | 9698 (19.8) | 9101 (18.6) | ||
20–40% | 7819 (15.9) | 62,101 (13.4) | 0.070 | 7818 (15.9) | 7515 (15.3) | 0.017 |
40–60% | 7811 (15.9) | 73,151 (15.8) | 0.004 | 7811 (15.9) | 7969 (16.3) | 0.009 |
60–80% | 9492 (19.4) | 98,521 (21.2) | 0.048 | 9492 (19.4) | 9690 (19.8) | 0.010 |
80–100% | 14,222 (29.0) | 159,211 (34.3) | 0.117 | 14,220 (29.0) | 14,764 (30.1) | 0.024 |
Underlying disability | ||||||
Mild to moderate | 228 (0.5) | 1824 (0.4) | 0.011 | 227 (0.5) | 216 (0.4) | 0.003 |
Severe | 196 (0.4) | 1050 (0.2) | 0.028 | 195 (0.4) | 162 (0.3) | 0.011 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Never smoker | 39,738 (81.0) | 291,628 (62.9) | 39,735 (81.0) | 40,063 (81.7) | ||
Previous smoker | 2112 (4.3) | 41,404 (8.9) | 0.228 | 2112 (4.3) | 2064 (4.2) | 0.005 |
Current smoker | 5189 (10.6) | 112,137 (24.2) | 0.442 | 5189 (10.6) | 4951 (10.1) | 0.016 |
Unknown | 2003 (4.1) | 18,694 (4.0) | 0.003 | 2003 (4.1) | 1961 (4.0) | 0.004 |
Alcohol consumption (frequency) | ||||||
No drink | 35,365 (72.1) | 250,644 (54.0) | 35,362 (72.1) | 35,364 (72.1) | ||
2–3 per a month | 5535 (11.3) | 71,024 (15.3) | 0.127 | 5535 (11.3) | 5671 (11.6) | 0.009 |
1–2 per a week | 4054 (8.3) | 78,927 (17.0) | 0.318 | 4054 (8.3) | 4053 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
3–4 per a week | 1508 (3.1) | 33,906 (7.3) | 0.245 | 1508 (3.1) | 1410 (2.9) | 0.012 |
Almost everyday drink | 1384 (2.8) | 20,995 (4.5) | 0.103 | 1384 (2.8) | 1388 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
Unknown | 1196 (2.4) | 8367 (1.8) | 0.041 | 1196 (2.4) | 1153 (2.4) | 0.006 |
Exercise frequency | ||||||
No exercise | 31,266 (63.8) | 254,500 (54.9) | 31,264 (63.8) | 30,689 (62.6) | ||
1–2 per a week | 8461 (17.3) | 109,692 (23.6) | 0.127 | 8460 (17.3) | 8635 (17.6) | 0.009 |
3–4 per a week | 3543 (7.2) | 43,539 (9.4) | 0.318 | 3543 (7.2) | 3801 (7.8) | 0.020 |
5–6 per a week | 1132 (2.3) | 12,043 (2.6) | 0.245 | 1132 (2.3) | 1163 (2.4) | 0.004 |
Almost everyday | 3372 (6.9) | 31,328 (6.8) | 0.103 | 3372 (6.9) | 3427 (7.0) | 0.004 |
Unknown | 1268 (2.6) | 12,761 (2.8) | 0.041 | 1268 (2.6) | 1324 (2.7) | 0.007 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.3 (1.6) | 0.136 | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.5 (1.8) | 0.019 |
Myocardial infarction | 509 (1.0) | 3925 (0.8) | 0.019 | 509 (1.0) | 460 (0.9) | 0.010 |
Congestive heart failure | 1814 (3.7) | 12,412 (2.7) | 0.054 | 1813 (3.7) | 1688 (3.4) | 0.014 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 2183 (4.5) | 15,702 (3.4) | 0.052 | 2182 (4.4) | 2026 (4.1) | 0.015 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2608 (5.3) | 19,873 (4.3) | 0.054 | 2607 (5.3) | 2526 (5.2) | 0.007 |
Dementia | 271 (0.6) | 1757 (0.4) | 0.023 | 271 (0.6) | 261 (0.5) | 0.003 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 12,497 (25.5) | 104,209 (22.5) | 0.069 | 12,495 (25.5) | 12,513 (25.5) | < 0.001 |
Rheumatic disease | 3631 (7.4) | 24,377 (5.3) | 0.072 | 3630 (7.4) | 3537 (7.2) | 0.007 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 16,890 (34.4) | 139,279 (30.0) | 0.093 | 16,888 (34.4) | 16,696 (34.0) | 0.008 |
Mild liver disease | 7800 (15.9) | 76,669 (16.5) | 0.017 | 7798 (15.9) | 7813 (15.9) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes without chronic complication | 2923 (6.0) | 26,396 (5.7) | 0.011 | 2923 (6.0) | 2949 (6.0) | 0.002 |
Diabetes with chronic complication | 2038 (4.2) | 16,010 (3.5) | 0.035 | 2038 (4.2) | 1920 (3.9) | 0.012 |
Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 276 (0.6) | 1901 (0.4) | 0.020 | 276 (0.6) | 257 (0.5) | 0.005 |
Renal disease | 595 (1.2) | 1971 (0.4) | 0.072 | 592 (1.2) | 455 (0.9) | 0.026 |
vAny malignancy | 6889 (14.0) | 50,533 (10.9) | 0.091 | 6888 (14.0) | 6784 (13.8) | 0.006 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 277 (0.6) | 1341 (0.3) | 0.037 | 275 (0.6) | 242 (0.5) | 0.009 |
Metastatic solid tumour | 454 (0.9) | 2075 (0.4) | 0.050 | 453 (0.9) | 401 (0.8) | 0.011 |
AIDS/HIV | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |