Table 1 Characteristics at admission of the patients with COVID-19

 Age (years)

46.17 ± 14.39

44.95 ± 13.59

48.88 ± 15.88

1.020 (0.990–1.050)

0.194

 Gender (female/male)

42/64

31/42

11/22

1.476 (0.625–3.488)

0.375

 Time from onset to hospitalization (d)

5 (2–8)

4 (2–7)

7 (4–10)

1.156 (1.034–1.293)

0.011

 Exposure history(Y/N)

83 (78.3%)

55 (75.3%)

28 (84.8%)

1.833 (0.616–5.453)

0.276

 Any comorbidities

33 (31.1%)

18 (24.7%)

15 (45.5%)

2.546 (1.069–6.063)

0.035

 Hypertension

8 (7.5%)

4 (5.5%)

4 (12.1%)

2.379 (0.557–10.166)

0.242

 Diabetes

10 (9.4%)

6 (8.2%)

4 (12.1%)

1.540 (0.404–5.871)

0.527

 Hepatitis B

7 (6.6%)

6 (8.2%)

1 (30%)

0.349 (0.040–3.021)

0.339

 Bacterial infection

12 (11.3%)

7 (9.6%)

5 (15.2%)

1.684 (0.492–5.759)

0.406

 Fever

97 (91.5%)

66 (90.4%)

31 (93.9%)

1.644 (0.323–8.377)

0.550

 Dry cough

46 (43.4%)

30 (41.1%)

16 (48.5%)

1.349 (0.590–3.084)

0.478

 Sputum production

12 (11.3%)

5 (6.8%)

7 (21.2%)

3.662 (1.067–12.570)

0.039

 Chills

22 (20.8%)

17 (23.3%)

5 (15.2%)

0.588 (0.197–1.759)

0.342

 Myalgia

8 (7.5%)

6 (8.2%)

2 (6.1%)

0.720 (0.138–3.774)

0.698

 Chest tightness

34 (32.1%)

15 (20.5%)

19 (57.6%)

5.248 (2.147–12.827)

< 0.001

3.256 (1.134–9.345)

0.028

 Polypnea

14 (13.2%)

4 (5.5%)

10 (30.3%)

7.500 (2.145–26.227)

0.002

 Fatigue

21 (19.8%)

12 (16.4%)

9 (27.3%)

1.906 (0.712–5.104)

0.199

 Headache/ dizziness

13 (12.3%)

12 (16.4%)

1 (3.0%)

0.159 (0.020–1.277)

0.084

 Sore throat

20 (18.9%)

14 (19.2%)

6 (18.2%)

0.937 (0.325–2.701)

0.903

 Rhinorrhea/ Rhinobyon

6 (5.7%)

5 (6.8%)

1 (3.0%)

0.425 (0.048–3.789)

0.443

 Diarrhea

7 (6.6%)

4 (5.5%)

3 (9.1%)

1.725 (0.364–8.185)

0.493

 CRP (mg/L)

12.63 (3.53–40.49)

9.00 (2.46–24.93)

22.99 (6.36–77.01)

1.011 (1. 002–1.021)

0.018

 WBC (×10⁹/L)

5.14 (3.63–6.79)

4.84 (3.60–6.63)

5.68 (3.68–7.00)

1.076 (0.926–1.249)

0.339

 Lymphocyte count (× 10⁹/L)

0.99 (0.65–1.40)

1.13 (0.86–1.58)

0.68 (0.40–0.99)

0.065 (0.018–0.244)

< 0.001

0.097 (0.024–0.396)

0.010

 Neutrophils count (× 10⁹/L)

3.47 (2.30–5.17)

3.19 (2.07–4.89)

3.95 (2.66–5.95)

1.163 (0.996–1.357)

0.055

 RBC (× 10¹²/L)

4.61 ± 0.55

4.66 ± 0.54

4.50 ± 0.57

0.571 (0.262–1.241)

0.157

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

143.59 ± 16.91

144.29 ± 17.37

142.06 ± 16.02

0.992 (0. 969–1.016)

0.530

 Platelets (× 10⁹/L)

176.16 ± 62.11

181.53 ± 61.09

164.27 ± 63.65

0.995 (0. 987–1.003)

0.189

 Albumin (g/L)

43.03 ± 6.07

44.32 ± 5.71

40.16 ± 5.94

0.857 (0.781–0.939)

0.001

 ALT (U/L)

18.00 (12.00–34.00)

16.00 (12.00–30.50)

23.00 (16.00–43.00)

1.010 (0.996–1.025)

0.167

 AST (U/L)

24.00 (19.00–33.00)

22.00 (18.00–28.50)

28.00 (22.00–36.50)

1.010 (0.994–1.027)

0.228

 Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

9.05 (5.55–12.38)

7.70 (5.30–11.40)

9.60 (7.20–15.40)

1.054 (0.982–1.130)

0.143

 Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)

2.60 (2.00–4.03)

2.50 (1.95–3.60)

3.60 (2.40–5.65)

1.198 (1.024–1.401)

0.024

 GGT (U/L)

24.00 (14.00–47.50)

20.00 (12.00–34.00)

41.00 (22.00–71.50)

1.011 (1.001–1.022)

0.034

1.011 (1.002–1.021)

0.022

 Lactate dehydrogenase

231.50 (190.75–320.25)

211.00 (183.50–269.50)

291.00 (239.50–394.50)

1.008 (1.004–1.013)

0.001

 Creatinine (mmol/L)

65.20 (52.00–79.90)

65.70 (51.85–79.50)

63.60 (52.70–81.58)

1.004 (0.987–1.020)

0.668

 Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

4.20 (3.40–5.35)

4.10 (3.30–5.30)

4.55 (3.53–5.50)

1.068 (0.879–1.298)

0.507

 Creatine kinase (U/L)

85.00 (59.25–125.00)

85.00 (60.00–124.50)

97.00 (51.00–134.00)

1.003 (0.998–1.007)

0.270

 CK-MB (U/L)

13.00 (10.00–16.00)

13.00 (10.00–15.00)

13.00 (10.00–19.00)

1.017 (0.985–1.050)

0.297

 Prothrombin time (s)

12.30 (11.90–12.85)

12.25 (11.83–12.70)

12.40 (12.10–13.15)

1.247 (0.769–2.022)

0.371

 Thrombin time (s)

15.50 (14.95–16.40)

15.60 (15.10–16.65)

15.30 (14.65–16.15)

0.975 (0.707–1.344)

0.877

 APTT (s)

29.30 (27.25–32.95)

29.20 (27.13–32.38)

30.30 (27.80–33.75)

1.004 (0.951–1.060)

0.879

 D-dimer (mg/L)

0.29 (0.19–0.57)

0.25 (0.16–0.50)

0.49 (0.27–1.03)

3.883 (1.485–10.151)

0.006