Table 1 Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and outcomes between Males and Females
From: Sex-based clinical and immunological differences in COVID-19
Characteristics | Total (NÂ =Â 3057) | Male (NÂ =Â 1558) | Female (NÂ =Â 1499) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr.)– median (IQR*) | 60 (49–68) | 60 (48–69) | 60 (51–68) | 0.2 |
Pre-existing diseases – no. (%) | ||||
 Hypertension | 931 (30.5) | 474 (30.4) | 457 (30.5) | > 0.99 |
 Diabetes | 419 (13.7) | 228 (14.6) | 191 (12.7) | 0.1 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 348 (11.4) | 178 (11.4) | 170 (11.3) | > 0.99 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 124 (4.1) | 68 (4.3) | 56 (3.7) | 0.4 |
 Malignancy | 80 (2.6) | 42 (2.7) | 38 (2.5) | 0.8 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 147 (4.8) | 96 (6.2) | 51 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic renal disease | 52 (1.7) | 29 (1.9) | 23 (1.5) | 0.5 |
 Chronic liver disease | 83 (2.7) | 57 (3.7) | 26 (1.7) | 0.002 |
 Immunodeficiency | 10 (0.3) | 1 (0.06) | 9 (0.6) | 0.02 |
Days from symptom onset to admission(d) – median (IQR) | 25 (14–35) | 24 (14–35) | 25 (15–35) | 0.1 |
Days from admission to discharge(d) – median (IQR) | 13 (8–19) | 13 (8–19) | 13 (8–19) | 0.9 |
Days from symptom onset to admission(d) – median (IQR) | 25 (14–35) | 24 (14–35) | 25 (15–35) | 0.2 |
Days from admission to discharge(d) – median (IQR) | 13 (8–19) | 13 (8–19) | 13 (8–19) | 0.8 |
Degree of severity – no. (%) | 0.002 | |||
 Mild/Moderate | 1455 (47.6) | 739 (47.4) | 716 (47.8) |  |
 Severe | 1417 (46.4) | 700 (44.9) | 717 (47.8) |  |
 Critical | 150 (4.9) | 97 (6.2) | 53 (3.5) |  |
ICU admission – no. (%) | 114 (3.7) | 73 (4.7) | 41 (2.7) | 0.005 |
Clinical outcomes – no. (%) |  | |||
 Discharge from hospital | 2940 (96.2) | 1481 (95.1) | 1459 (97.3) | 0.001 |
 Continual Cure | 50 (1.6) | 31 (1.9) | 19 (1.3) | 0.1 |
 Death | 67 (2.2) | 46 (3.0) | 21 (1.4) | 0.004 |