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Table 1 Background Characteristics of the Study Participants

From: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children in Kassena-Nankana districts of Northern Ghana

Variable

Number of children

n (%)

Proportion with carriage

n (%)

Unadjusted OR (95%CI)

P-value

Sex

 Male

88 (45.6)

32 (36.4)

1.36 (0.75–2.49)

0.313

 Female

105 (54.4)

31 (29.5)

 

Age (years)

 5—7

65 (33.7)

26 (40.0)

2.11 (0.93–4.78)

0.191

 8—10

78 (40.4)

25 (32.1)

1.49 (0.67–3.34)

 11—12

50 (25.9)

12 (24.0)

 

Childhood Immunization

Yes

190 (98.4)

62 (32.6)

 

0.979

No

3 (1.6)

1 (33.3)

1.03 (0.09–11.6)

Received PCV-13

 Yes

47 (24.4)

18 (38.3)

1.39 (0.7–2.76)

0.342

 No

146 (75.6)

45 (30.8)

 

Symptoms of RTI

 Yes

37 (19.2)

14 (37.8)

1.33 (0.63–2.8)

0.453

 No

156 (80.8)

49 (31.4)

 

Antibiotics taken

 Yes

3 (1.6)

1 (33.3)

1.03 (0.09–11.6)

0.979

 No

190 (98.4)

62 (32.6)

 

Household size

  < =7

109 (56.5)

37 (33.9)

0.56 (0.49–0.63)

0.660

  > 7

84 (43.5)

26 (30.9)

  

Total

193

63 (32.6)

  
  1. *Carriage proportions and p-values were calculated using the Chi-square test. Childhood immunizations vaccines; Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, Polio, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Measles, Yellow fever and Men-A