Table 4 Logistic regression analysis for determining odds ratio of potential risk factors for neonatal sepsis. The variable values for each group are also shown
Variables | Variable values mean (sd) or frequency (%) | Logistic regression analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Culture-positive neonates | Non-Sepsis neonates | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
Univariate analysis | |||||
 Obstetric-peripartum features: | |||||
  Maternal age, years | 29.2 (sd 5.5) | 27.6 (sd 4.9) | 1.062 | 0.964–1.168 | 0.221 |
  Labor pain, hours | 4.3 (sd 2.2) | 5.7 (sd 3.7) | 0.828 | 0.552–1.242 | 0.363 |
  Vaginal test, times | 0.7 (sd 0.5) | 0.8 (sd 0.9) | 0.955 | 0.595–1.53 | 0.848 |
 PPROM: | |||||
  Absence | 15 (70%) | 60 (80%) | 1 | Reference | |
  Presence | 6 (30%) | 15 (20%) | 1.714 | 0.564–5.208 | 0.342 |
 Induction of labor: | |||||
  Not induced | 16 (76%) | 59 (79%) | 1 | Reference | |
  Induced | 5 (24%) | 16 (21%) | 1.133 | 0.356–3.566 | 0.832 |
 Delivery mode: | |||||
  Normal | 5 (24%) | 17 (23%) | 1 | Reference | |
  Vaginal/assisted | 2 (9%) | 8 (11%) | 0.85 | 0.135–5.366 | 0.863 |
  C-section | 14 (67%) | 50 (67%) | 0.952 | 0.298–3.037 | 0.934 |
 Amniotic fluid color: | |||||
  Clear | 20 (95%) | 63 (84%) | 1 | Reference | |
  Meconium stained | 1 (5%) | 12 (16%) | 0.263 | 0.032–2.158 | 0.214 |
 Suctioning at birth: | |||||
  No | 15 (72%) | 38 (50%) | 1 | Reference | |
  Yes | 6 (28%) | 37 (50%) | 0.4 | 0.14–1.144 | 0.087 |
 Resuscitation at birth: | |||||
  No | 16 (76%) | 60 (80%) | 1 | Reference | |
  Yes | 5 (24%) | 15 (20%) | 1.25 | 0.395–3.958 | 0.704 |
 Intubation at birth: | |||||
  No | 16 (76%) | 62 (83%) | 1 | Reference | |
  Yes | 5 (24%) | 13 (17%) | 1.49 | 0.463–4.796 | 0.503 |
 Neonatal features: | |||||
  Birth weight, grams: | |||||
   > 2500 (Normal) | 6 (29%) | 35 (47%) | 1 | Reference | |
   1500–2500 (Low) | 10 (47%) | 31 (41%) | 1.882 | 0.613–5.777 | 0.269 |
   < 1500 (Very low) | 5 (24%) | 9 (12%) | 3.241 | 0.803–13.072 | 0.098 |
  Gestational age, weeks | 34.4 (sd 3.8) | 35.8 (sd 3.6) | 0.902 | 0.792–1.0278 | 0.121 |
  Gender: | |||||
   Female | 9 (43%) | 26 (35%) | 1 | Reference | |
   Male | 12 (57%) | 49 (65%) | 0.707 | 0.264–1.897 | 0.492 |
  Lethargy, days | 11.6 (sd 6.8) | 6.6 (sd 5.3) | 1.139 | 1.046–1.24 | 0.003 |
 Neonatal laboratory features: | |||||
  WBC count (×10^3/μl): | |||||
   Normal (7–30) | 12.5 (sd 6.2) | 14.7 (sd 6.2) | 1 | Reference | |
   Leukopenia (< 7) | 4.8 (sd 6.2) | 4.9 (sd 6.4) | 1.79 | 1.040–3.082 | 0.036 |
   Leukocytosis (> 30) | 32 (sd 13.8) | 41.8 (sd 10.2) | 0.154 | 0.019–1.216 | 0.076 |
  Platelets (×10^3/μl) | 129 (sd 130) | 234 (sd 114.7) | 0.992 | 0.989–0.994 | 0.000 |
  CRP level (mg/dl) | 72.0 (sd 72.5) | 14.8 (sd 28.1) | 1.028 | 1.016–1.040 | 0.000 |
 Therapeutic/supportive care features: | |||||
  Transfusion, times | 4.7 (sd 4.1) | 1.5 (sd 0.6) | 3.084 | 1.407–6.76 | 0.005 |
  UAC insertion, days | 26.5 | 17.6 | 1.375 | 1.049–1.803 | 0.021 |
  UVC insertion, days | 31.2 | 19.9 | 1.325 | 1.047–1.676 | 0.019 |
  IV cannula, days | 19.6 (sd 8.4) | 11.1 (sd 6.8) | 1.14 | 1.062–1.225 | 0.000 |
  Foley’s insertion, days | 9.8 (sd 7.1) | 7.5 (sd 5.2) | 1.064 | 0.956–1.184 | 0.257 |
  Intubation, days | 11 (sd 8.1) | 6.6 (sd 6.2) | 1.086 | 1.008–1.170 | 0.03 |
  OG tube insertion, days | 15.5 | 8.1 | 1.612 | 1.038–2.503 | 0.033 |
  NG tube insertion, days | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.07 | 0.972–1.177 | 0.168 |
 Neonatal feeding features: | |||||
  Not breast fed, days | 17.1 (sd 9.6) | 8.6 (sd 6.5) | 1.13 | 1.060–1.205 | 0.000 |
  Not spoon fed, days | 16.7 (sd 8.5) | 8.5 (sd 6.4) | 1.14 | 1.064–1.222 | 0.000 |
  Enteral fed, days | 9.3 (sd 7.2) | 4.7 (sd 4.1) | 1.163 | 1.059–1.278 | 0.002 |
 Outcome: | |||||
  NICU stay, days | 16.1 (sd 9.3) | 8.9 (sd 6.7) | 1.109 | 1.040–1.182 | 0.002 |
  Hospital stay, days | 23.9 (sd 10.1) | 14.9 (sd 9.1) | 1.097 | 1.031–1.167 | 0.004 |
  Final outcome: | |||||
   Survived |  |  | 1 | Reference | |
   Dead | 4 (22%) | 12 (18%) | 1.333 | 0.369–4.817 | 0.661 |
Multivariate analysis | |||||
 IV cannula insertion, days | 1.147 | 1.039–1.267 | 0.006 | ||
 CRP level (mg/dl) | 1.028 | 1.008–1.049 | 0.006 | ||