Table 1 Backgrounds of patients with COVID-19 among the eligible studies
From: Favipiravir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study, year (Country) | Observational period | Intervention | Comparator | Dose of favipiravir 1. First day 2. Following days | Duration of favipiravir | No. of participants | Sex-Male, n (%) | Age, median (IQR), years | Severity of COVID-19, n (%) | Times between onset to the initiation of treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randomized-controlled study | ||||||||||
Chen C, 2020 [16] (China) | Feb. 20 to Mar. 1, 2020 | Favipiravir | Umifenovir | 1. 3200 mg 2. 1200 mg | 10 days | 236 | 110 (46.6) | ≥ 65, n (%) 70 (29.7) | Moderate, 88.6% Severe 10.2% Critical, 1.3% | – |
Lou Y, 2020 [17] (China) | Feb 3. - | Favipiravir | Baloxavir marboxil or Control | 1. 1600 mg or 2200 mg 2. 1800 mg | 14 days | 29 | 21 (72.4) | Mean (SD), 52.5 (12.5) | – | – |
Ivashchenko AA, 2020 [18] (Russian Federation) | April and May 2020 | Favipiravir | SOC | 1. 3200 mg 2. 1200 mg or 1. 3600 mg 2. 1600 mg | 14 days | 60 | – | aged 60 and older | Moderate COVID-19 pneumonia | – |
Doi Y, 2020 [19] (Japan) | March 2–May 18, 2020 | Favipiravir | Early (day 1) vs. Late (day 6) treatments | 1. 3200 mg 2. 1600 mg | Up to 19 dose over | 69 | 54 (61.4) | 50 (38–64.5) | Asymptomatic or mild | – |
Before-after nonrandomized controlled study | ||||||||||
Cai Q, 2020 [20] (China) | Jan. 30 - Feb. 14, 2020 | Favipiravir | Lopinavir/ritonavir | 1. 3200 mg 2. 1200 mg | 14 days | 80 | 35 (43.8) | 47 (35.75–61) | Moderate | – |
Observational study or Case series | ||||||||||
Rattanaumpawan P, 2020 [21] (Thailand) | Jan. 1 to April 30, 2020 | Favipiravir | Clinical improvement on day 7 | examining a loading dose | 274 | 39 (61.9) | 48 (22–85) | NEWS2 score-median (IQR), 4 (4–5) | Median, 8 (0–28) days | |
Yamamura H, 2020 [22] (Japan) | April 2–27, 2020 | Favipiravir & methylprednisoloneb | – | 1. 3600 mg 2. 1600 mg | 14 days | 13 | 9 (69) | Mean (SD), 63 (12) | Severe requiring MV | 8.7 days (range, 4–13) |
Doi K, 2020 [23] (Japan) | April 6–21, 2020 | Favipiravir & nafamostat mesylate | – | 1. 3600 mg 2. 1600 mg | 14 days | 11 | 10 (91) | 68 (60–69) | Admitted to ICU | – |
Murohashi K, 2020 [24] (Japan) | NA | Favipiravir & methylprednisolonec | – | 1. 3600 mg 2. 1600 mg | 14 days | 11 | 8 (72.7) | 70 (45–82) | severe and required oxygen administration or SpO2 ≤ 93% | to admission, 6.4 daysa |
Çalik BaŞaran N, et al. [25] (Turkey) | March 20–April 30, 2020 | Favipiravir | HQ only, HQ plus AZ | – | – | 174 | 91 (52.3) | 45.5 (range, 19–92) ≥65 years, n (%), 24 (13.8) | Mild, 20.1% Moderate, 61.5% Severe, 18.4% | to admission, 3 days (0–14) a |
Yaylaci S, et al. [26] (Turkey) | March 25 – May 5, 2020 | Favipiravir | – | – | at least 5 days | 62 | 36 (58.1) | Median (range), 64 (37–89) | Mild or moderate, 72.6%; Severe, 27.4% | – |