Comparison of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors with other antihypertensives in association with coronavirus disease-19 clinical outcomes

Bezabih, Yihienew M.; Bezabih, Alemayehu; Alamneh, Endalkachew; Peterson, Gregory M.; Bezabhe, Woldesellassie

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06088-6

Table 1 General characteristics of enrolled patients

From: Comparison of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors with other antihypertensives in association with coronavirus disease-19 clinical outcomes

Study	Study design	Comorbidity	Drug class	Survivors	Non-survivors	Total (survivors + non-survivors)	% poor outcome per drug class
Zhang et al., 2020 [6]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	181	7	188	3.7%
Zhang et al., 2020 [6]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	848	92	940	9.8%
IP et al., 2020 [19]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	323	137	460	29.8%
IP et al., 2020 [19]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	407	262	669	39.2%
Khera et al., 2020 [20]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	2,042	319	2,361	13.5%
			ARBs	1,881	345	2,226	15.5%
			Non-ACEI/ARBs	2,880	466	3,346	13.9%
Richardson et al., 2020 [21]	Case series	HTN	ACEIs	113	55	168	32.7%
Richardson et al., 2020 [21]	Case series	HTN	ARBs	170	75	245	30.6%
Tan et al., 2020 [22]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	29	0	29	0.0%
Tan et al., 2020 [22]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	46	11	57	19.3%
Andrea et al., 2020 [23]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEIs	21	14	35	40.0%
			ARBs	26	7	33	21.2%
			BBs	29	21	50	42.0%
			CCBs	16	9	25	36.0%
			Thiazides	12	4	16	25.0%
Xian Zhou et al., 2020 [24]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEIARB	13	2	15	13.3%
Xian Zhou et al., 2020 [24]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	Non-ACE/ARB	16	5	21	23.8%
Feng Zhou et al., 2020 [5]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, CAD	ACEI/ARB	836	70	906	7.7%
Feng Zhou et al., 2020 [5]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, CAD	Non-ACEI/ARB	1,540	272	1,812	15.0%
Pan et al., 2020 [25]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARB	37	4	41	9.8%
Pan et al., 2020 [25]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACE/ARB	178	63	241	26.1%
Cannata et al., 2020 [26]	Prospective cohort	Not mentioned	ACEI/ARB	49	7	56	12.5%
Cannata et al., 2020 [26]	Prospective cohort	Not mentioned	Non-ACE/ARB	185	39	224	17.4%
Lam et al., 2020 [27]	Prospective cohort	HTN, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEI/ARB	277	58	335	17.3%
Lam et al., 2020 [27]	Prospective cohort	HTN, CAD, DM, CKD	Non-ACEI/ARB	217	62	279	22.2%
Selcuk et al., 2020 [28]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEI/ARB	43	31	74	41.9%
Selcuk et al., 2020 [28]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	Non-ACE/ARB	35	4	39	10.3%
Amat-Santos et al., 2020 [29]	Randomized clinical trial	HTN	ACEI/ARB	3	2	5	40.0%
Amat-Santos et al., 2020 [29]	Randomized clinical trial	HTN	Non-ACE/ARB	4	2	6	33.3%
Felice et al., 2020 [30]	Prospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	32	8	40	20.0%
Felice et al., 2020 [30]	Prospective cohort	HTN	ARBs	35	7	42	16.7%
Study	Study design	Comorbidity	Drug class	Non severe COVID-19	Severe COVID-19	Total (severe and non-severe COVID-19)	% severe COVID-19 per drug class
Reynolds et al., 2020 [7]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	445	139	584	23.8%
			ARBs	468	161	629	25.6%
			BBs	582	210	792	26.5%
			CCBs	697	253	950	26.6%
			Thiazides	399	116	515	22.5%
Li et al., 2020 [8]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	9	3	12	25.0%
			ARBs	13	11	24	45.8%
			BBs	6	8	14	57.1%
			CCBs	89	79	168	47.0%
Feng et al., 2020 [31]	Prospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	7	1	8	12.5%
			ARBs	23	4	27	14.8%
			Non-ACEI/ARBs	35	27	62	43.6%
Yang et al., 2020 [32]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	28	15	43	34.9%
Yang et al., 2020 [32]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	48	35	83	42.2%
Meng et al., 2020 [9]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	13	4	17	23.5%
Meng et al., 2020 [9]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	13	12	25	48.0%
Gao et al., 2020 [33]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	109	74	183	40.4%
Gao et al., 2020 [33]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	348	179	527	34.0%
Hu et al., 2020 [34]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	37	28	65	43.1%
Hu et al., 2020 [34]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	51	33	84	39.3%
Liu et al., 2020 [35]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	1	1	2	50.0%
			ARBs	7	3	10	30.0%
			BBs	4	3	7	42.9%
			CCBs	8	18	26	69.2%
			Thiazides	3	0	3	0.0%
Zeng et al., 2020 [36]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	13	15	28	53.6%
Zeng et al., 2020 [36]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	32	15	47	31.9%
Bravi et al., 2020 [37]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	107	144	251	57.4%
Bravi et al., 2020 [37]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ARBs	86	142	228	62.3%
Dauchet et al., 2020 [38]	Retrospective cohort	CVD	ACEIs	14	13	27	48.2%
Dauchet et al., 2020 [38]	Retrospective cohort	CVD	ARBs	8	21	29	72.4%
Feng Zhichao et al., 2020 [39]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	15	1	16	6.3%
Feng Zhichao et al., 2020 [39]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	33	16	49	32.7%
Mancia et al., 2020 [40]	Case control study	CVD	ACEIs	1,305	197	1,502	13.1%
			ARBs	1,227	167	1,394	12.0%
			BBs	1,556	270	1,826	14.8%
			CCBs	1,230	216	1,446	14.9%
			Thiazides	991	113	1,104	10.2%
Yan et al., 2020 [41]	Case control study	CVD	ACEIs	4	14	18	77.8%
			ARBs	58	93	151	61.6%
			BBs	9	47	56	83.9%
			CCBs	230	158	388	40.7%
			Thiazides	14	21	35	60.0%
Senkal et al., 2020 [42]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEIs	41	11	52	21.2%
			ARBs	36	16	52	30.8%
			Non-ACEI/ARBs	30	22	52	42.3%
Liabeuf et al., 2020 [43]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEI/ARBs	44	52	96	54.2%
			BBs	36	37	73	50.7%
			CCBs	30	27	57	47.4%
			Thiazides	28	30	58	51.7%
Sardu et al., 2020 [44]	Prospective cohort	HTN	ACEIs	14	10	24	41.7%
			ARBs	12	9	21	42.9%
			CCBs	10	7	17	41.2%
Xiulan Liu et al., 2020 [45]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	20	18	38	47.4%
Xiulan Liu et al., 2020 [45]	Retrospective cohort	HTN	CCBs	22	16	38	42.1%
Lopez-Otero et al., 2020 [46]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, CAD, DM	ACEIs	23	6	29	20.7%
Lopez-Otero et al., 2020 [46]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, CAD, DM	ARBs	43	7	50	14.0%
Golpe et al., 2020 [47]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEIs	20	12	32	37.5%
			ARBs	53	36	89	40.5%
			BBs	24	23	47	48.9%
			CCBs	21	23	44	52.3%
			Thiazides	36	30	66	45.5%
Xu et al., 2020 [48]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	ACEI/ARBs	29	11	40	27.5%
Xu et al., 2020 [48]	Retrospective cohort	HTN, HF, CAD, DM, CKD	Non-ACEI/ARBs	45	16	61	26.2%
Choi et al., 2020 [49]	Case control study	HTN	ACEI/ARBs	859	33	892	3.7%
Choi et al., 2020 [49]	Case control study	HTN	Non-ACEI/ARBs	384	44	428	10.3%
Total				24,759	6,036	30,795	19.6%

Abbreviations: ACEI angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin-II receptor blockers, BBs beta-blockers, CAD coronary artery disease, CCBs calcium channel blockers, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cardiovascular diseases, DM diabetes, HF heart failure, HTN hypertension

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