Table 1 Baseline clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characteristics of overall patients, survivors and non-survivors and univariate analysis
All patients (n = 64) | Survivors (n = 43) (67.2%) | Non-survivors (n = 21) 21 (32.8%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, Male (%) | 49 (76.6) | 33 (76.7) | 16 (76.2) | 1 |
Age, years, median (IQRa) | 64 (58–69) | 61 (55–67) | 69 (66–72) | 0.033 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Cardiovascular disease | 34 (53.1) | 23 (53.5) | 11 (52.4) | 1 |
Immunodepressionb (%) | 11 (17.2) | 7 (16.3) | 4 (19.0) | 1 |
Chronic Kidney disease (%) | 4 (6.2) | 3 (6.9) | 1 (4.7) | 1 |
Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 4 (6.2) | 2 (4.6) | 2 (9.5) | 1 |
Chronic obstructive lung disease (%) | 6 (9.4) | 2 (4.6) | 4 (19.0) | 0.084 |
Days from the onset of symptoms to ICUc admission, median (IQR) | 9 (6–15) | 10 (7–15) | 8 (6–14) | 0.699 |
Days from the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis to BALFd performing, median (IQR) | 4 (2–8) | 4 (3–9) | 4 (2–7) | 0.254 |
Duration (days) of mechanical ventilation, median (IQR) | 10 (7–17) | 10 (7–13) | 11 (6–18) | 0.329 |
Treatment | ||||
Darunavir/ritonavir (%) | 32 (50) | 21(48.8) | 11 (25.6) | 1 |
Hydroxychloroquine (%) | 61 (95.3) | 42 (97.7) | 19 (90.5) | 0.249 |
Corticosteroids (%) | 38 (59.3) | 29 (67.4) | 9 (42.9) | 0.103 |
Tocilizumab (%) | 25 (39) | 18 (41.8) | 7 (33.3) | 0.592 |
Immunoglobulin (%) | 8 (12.5) | 8 (18.6) | 0 | 0.178 |
LWMHe (%) | 59 (92.1) | 41 (95.3) | 18 (85.7) | 0.320 |
Chest radiographic abnormality: | ||||
Interstitial pattern (%) | 24 (37.5) | 15 (34.8) | 9 (42.8) | 0.578 |
Bilateral consolidation (%) | 37 (57.8) | 25 (58.1) | 12 (57.1) | 1 |
Monolateral consolidation (%) | 16 (26) | 11 (25.6) | 5 (23.8) | 1 |
Pleural effusion (%) | 3 (4.7) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (9.5) | 0.234 |
Peripheral blood values at time of BALF performing | ||||
IL-6f ng/L, median (IQR) | 86 (31–344) | 63 (17–175) | 172 (60–935) | 0.236 |
IL6/lymphocytes, median (IQR) | 296 (73–1704) | 114 (52–456) | 1269 (261–2599) | 0.155 |
D-dimer μg/L, median (IQR) | 1389 (913–2334) | 1361 (750–2252) | 1704 (1238–2310) | 0.937 |
Ferritin μg/L, median (IQR) | 992 (832–1458) | 984 (837–1487) | 1001 (536–1455) | 0.338 |
LDHgμg/L, median (IQR) | 309 (274–372) | 293 (267–355) | 332 (298–396) | 0.077 |
Fibrinogen g/L, median (IQR) | 5.7 (3.9–7.3) | 5.7 (4.4–7.3) | 5 (3.4–7) | 0.272 |
CRPh mg/dl, median (IQR) | 86 (22–145) | 87 (30–138) | 84 (16–157) | 0.462 |
PaO2/FiO2i Ratio | 155 (129–241) | 175 (129–258) | 157 (128–216) | 0.935 |