|
Age (years), median (Q1-Q3)
|
51 (37–65)
|
50 (37–64)
|
68 (43–78)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Male, n (%)
|
28,684 (42.6)
|
26,499 (42.3)
|
2185 (47.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Drinking status, n (%)
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
Never drinker
|
57,117 (84.9)
|
53,246 (84.9)
|
3871 (84.5)
| |
|
Current drinker
|
7802 (11.6)
|
7346 (11.7)
|
456 (10.0)
| |
|
Former drinker
|
2119 (3.1)
|
1890 (3.0)
|
229 (5.0)
| |
|
Missing
|
242(0.4)
|
220 (0.4)
|
22 (0.5)
| |
|
Smoking status, n (%)
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
never smoker
|
55,266 (82.1)
|
51,584 (82.3)
|
3682 (80.4)
| |
|
Current smoker
|
8634 (12.9)
|
8092 (12.9)
|
542 (11.8)
| |
|
Former smoker
|
3230 (4.8)
|
2886 (4.6)
|
344 (7.6)
| |
|
Missing
|
150(0.2)
|
140 (0.2)
|
10 (0.2)
| |
|
Comorbidities, n (%)
|
|
COPD
|
803 (1.2)
|
651 (1.0)
|
152 (3.3)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Swallow disability
|
126 (0.2)
|
63 (0.1)
|
63 (1.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Stroke
|
7237 (10.8)
|
6072 (9.7)
|
1165 (25.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
9612 (14.3)
|
8805 (14.0)
|
807 (17.6)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Peptic ulcer disease
|
2236 (3.3)
|
2128 (3.4)
|
108 (2.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Moderate or severe renal disease
|
2944 (4.4)
|
2733 (4.4)
|
211 (4.6)
|
0.424
|
|
Liver disease
|
11,993 (17.8)
|
11,560 (18.4)
|
433 (9.5)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
328 (0.5)
|
284 (0.5)
|
44 (1.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Solid tumour
|
4962 (7.4)
|
4272 (6.8)
|
690 (15.1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
CCI (points), median (Q1- Q3)
|
1 (0–3)
|
1 (0–3)
|
4 (1–5)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Time of risk (days), median (Q1- Q3)
|
7 (4–10)
|
7 (4–10)
|
10 (6–16)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Admission category, n (%)
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
Internal medicine
|
27,769 (41.3)
|
25,487 (40.6)
|
2282 (49.8)
| |
|
Surgery
|
19,556 (29.1)
|
18,110 (28.9)
|
1446 (31.6)
| |
|
Gynaecology
|
15,548 (23.1)
|
15,084 (24.1)
|
464 (10.1)
| |
|
Emergency department
|
3172 (4.7)
|
2902 (4.6)
|
270 (5.9)
| |
|
ICU
|
203 (0.3)
|
137 (0.2)
|
66 (1.4)
| |
|
Others
|
1032 (1.5)
|
982 (1.6)
|
50 (1.1)
| |
|
Clinical procedure, n (%)
|
|
Central venous catheter
|
1762 (2.6)
|
1294 (2.1)
|
468 (10.2)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Indwelling urinary catheter
|
13,823 (20.5)
|
12,972 (20.7)
|
851 (18.6)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Surgery
|
20,979 (31.2)
|
20,161 (32.2)
|
818 (17.9)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Parenteral nutrition
|
1479 (2.2)
|
1077 (1.7)
|
402 (8.8)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Enteral tube feeding
|
5698 (8.5)
|
4849 (7.7)
|
849 (18.5)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Barthel Index, n (%)
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
Independent
|
43,273 (64.3)
|
41,706 (66.5)
|
1567 (34.2)
| |
|
Slight dependency
|
6057 (9.0)
|
5601 (8.9)
|
456 (10.0)
| |
|
Moderate dependency
|
10,085 (15.0)
|
9109 (14.5)
|
976 (21.3)
| |
|
Severe dependency
|
6495 (9.7)
|
5461 (8.7)
|
1034 (22.6)
| |
|
Total dependency
|
1370 (2.0)
|
825 (1.3)
|
545 (11.9)
| |
|
Morse Fall Scale, n (%)
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
No Risk
|
41,008 (61.0)
|
39,220 (62.5)
|
1788 (39.1)
| |
|
Low Risk
|
21,697 (32.2)
|
19,805 (31.6)
|
1892 (41.3)
| |
|
High Risk
|
4575 (6.8)
|
3677 (5.9)
|
898 (19.6)
| |
|
Other nosocomial infections, n (%)
|
1137 (1.7)
|
983 (1.6)
|
154 (3.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Season of admission, n (%)
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
Spring
|
16,431 (24.4)
|
15,356 (24.5)
|
1075 (23.5)
| |
|
Summer
|
18,652 (27.7)
|
17,451 (27.8)
|
1201 (26.2)
| |
|
Fall
|
14,497 (21.5)
|
13,390 (21.4)
|
1107 (24.2)
| |
|
Winter
|
17,700 (26.3)
|
16,505 (26.3)
|
1195 (26.1)
| |
|
In-hospital medications, n (%)
|
|
Antacids
|
37,406 (55.6)
|
34,396 (54.9)
|
3010 (65.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Sedatives
|
6615 (9.8)
|
5889 (9.4)
|
726 (15.9)
|
< 0.001
|
|
NSAID
|
6503 (9.7)
|
5879 (9.4)
|
624 (13.6)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Systemic steroid
|
13,231 (19.7)
|
12,445 (19.8)
|
786 (17.2)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Inhaled steroid
|
4281 (6.4)
|
3760 (6.0)
|
521 (11.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Anticoagulant
|
8972 (13.3)
|
8229 (13.1)
|
743 (16.2)
|
< 0.001
|
|
NV-HAP
|
353(0.5)
|
232(0.4)
|
121(2.6)
|
< 0.001
|
