Table 2 Baseline characteristics overall and separated by blood culture positivity and negative or contaminated blood cultures
From: Early prediction of blood stream infection in a prospectively collected cohort
Characteristics | Total n = 484 | Missing value n (%) | Blood culture | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive n = 84 | Negative/contamination n = 400 | p | |||
General characteristics | |||||
Age, mean (SD) | 64.6 (±19.3) | 0 | 69.6 (±17.0) | 63.6 (±19.6) | 0.03 |
Male sex | 272 (56.1) | 0 | 52 (61.9) | 220 (54.9) | ns |
Comorbidities | |||||
Diabetes | 69 (14.2) | 0 | 12 (14.3) | 57 (14.2) | ns |
Heart failure | 64 (13.2) | 0 | 14 (16.7) | 50 (12.5) | ns |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 39 (8.0) | 0 | 8 (9.5) | 31 (7.7) | ns |
Kidney failure | 20 (4.1) | 0 | 5 (6.0) | 15 (3.7) | ns |
Charlson comorbidity index | ns | ||||
- 0 | 211 (43.5) | 0 | 33 (39.3) | 178 (44.4) | |
- 1 | 99 (20.4) | 0 | 17 (20.2) | 82 (20.4) | |
- > 2 | 175 (36.1) | 0 | 34 (40.5) | 141 (35.2) | |
Clinical scores | |||||
SIRS criteria fulfilled | 325 (67.0) | 6 (1.2) | 70 (83.3) | 255 (63.6) | < 0.05 |
qSOFA ≥2 points | 246 (50.7) | 0 | 47 (56.0) | 199 (49.6) | ns |
SOFA score, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 0a | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | ns |
Sepsis-3 Criteria fulfilled | 155 (32) | 0a | 32 (38) | 123 (30.8) | ns |
Modified Early Warning Scale, Median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 18 (3.7) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | < 0.05 |
Shapiro ≥2 points | 320 (66.1) | 0 | 72 (85.7) | 248 (61.8) | < 0.001 |
Shapiro score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 0 | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
Antibiotic therapy | |||||
Antibiotic treatment at inclusion | 89 (18.4) | 0 | 4 (4.8) | 85 (21.2) | < 0.001 |
Antibiotic prescription < 14 before inclusion | 85 (17.6) | 10 (11.9) | 75 (18.8) | ns | |
Suspected infection site | |||||
Lower respiratory tract | 163 (33.6) | 0 | 25 (29.8) | 138 (34.4) | ns |
Urinary tract | 120 (24.7) | 0 | 42 (50.0) | 78 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
Skin and soft tissue | 88 (18.1) | 0 | 13 (15.5) | 75 (18.7) | ns |
Abscess | 33 (6.8) | 0 | 4 (4.8) | 29 (7.2) | ns |
Vital parameters at admission. Median (IQR) | |||||
Respiratory rate | 21 (18–26) | 13(2.7) | 23 (18–30) | 20 (18–25) | ns |
Pulse rate, beats per minute | 94 (81–106) | 4 (0.8) | 100 (77–110) | 93 (82–106) | ns |
Body temperature °C | 38.4 (37.7–39.1) | 7 (1.4) | 38.8 (38.1–39.6) | 38.3 (37.6–39.0) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 135 (120–150) | 4 (0.8) | 134 (120–155) | 135 (120–150) | ns |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79 (70–85) | 13 (2.7) | 75 (61–85) | 80 (70–85) | ns |
Mean Arterial Pressure, mm Hg | 96 (87–106) | 13 (2.7) | 93 (83–107) | 97 (87–105) | ns |
Laboratory values. Median (IQR) | |||||
WBC × 109/L | 11.5 (8.7–15.2) | 8 (1.6) | 13.7 (9.2–17.1) | 11.2 (8.6–14.5) | < 0.05 |
Neutrophil cell count × 109/L | 9.2 (6.3–12.5) | 12 (2.5) | 11.3 (7.2–14.8) | 8.7 (6.2–11.9) | < 0.05 |
Neutrophil Lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) | 9.3 (5.1–16.1) | 16 (3.3) | 16.2 (10.0–25.1) | 8.2 (4.7–14.6) | < 0.001 |
Serum lactate (mmol/L) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 53 (10.9) | 2.1 (1.4–2.8) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | < 0.001 |
Lymphocyte cell count × 109/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 16 (3.3) | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 84.0 (68–107) | 14 (2.9) | 91 (73–128) | 83 (67–106) | < 0.05 |
Bilirubine (μmol/L) | 13.0 (10–18) | 24 (4.9) | 15 (12–19) | 13 (9–18) | < 0.05 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 98 (41–198) | 1 (0.2) | 109 (47–196) | 98 (40–198) | ns |