Table 2 Demographic, clinical and diagnostic characteristics at initial presentation of our study cohort
Diagnostic features n (%) if not labelled differently | COVID-19 positivea | COVID-19 negativea | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 72) | With pneumonia in CT (n = 61) | Total (n = 147) | With pneumonia in CT (n = 50) | Total | With Pneumonia | |
Age in years (mean ± SEM) | 60.0 ± 2.0 | 63.1 ± 2.0 | 59.5 ± 1.7 | 61.7 ± 2.9 | 0.955 | 0.903 |
Sex | 0.141 | 0.534 | ||||
Male | 49 (68.1) | 45 (73.8) | 83 (56.5) | 34 (68.0) | ||
Female | 23 (31.9) | 16 (26.2) | 64 (43.5) | 16 (32.0) | ||
Comorbidities in COVID-19 patients | ||||||
Total (≥1 system) | 52 (72.2) | 46 (75.4) | ||||
Respiratory | 10 (13.9) | 32 (52.4) | ||||
Cardiovascular | 35 (48.6) | 9 (14.8) | ||||
Oncological | 7 (9.7) | 7 (11.5) | ||||
Neurological | 8 (11.1) | 7 (11.5) | ||||
Diabetes | 11 (15.3) | 10 (16.4) | ||||
Others | 32 (44.4) | 28 (45.9) | ||||
Duration of symptoms at presentation in days (mean ± SEM) | 7.3 ± 0.7 (n = 52)** | 7.3 ± 0.6 (n = 45)** | 6.6 ± 0.8 (n = 85)** | 4.9 ± 0.8 (n = 29)** | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Body temperature at presentation in °C (mean ± SEM) | 37.7 ± 0.1 (n = 65)** | 37.7 ± 0.1 (n = 57)** | 37.1 ± 0.1 (n = 140)** | 37.1 ± 0.1 (n = 48)** | < 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
Laboratory values at presentation | ||||||
CRP (mg/dl) Threshold ≤5 | 6.7 ± 0.8 (n = 72)** | 7.5 ± 0.9 (n = 61)** | 4.7 ± 0.6 (n = 147)** | 8.0 ± 1.2 (n = 50)** | 0.003 | 0.808 |
Leukocyte counts (G/l) 4.0–10.4 (w) 3.9–9.8 (m) | 7.4 ± 0.5 (n = 72)** | 7.6 ± 0.5 (n = 61)** | 9.3 ± 0.3 (n = 147)** | 10.1 ± 0.6 (n = 50)** | < 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
LDH (U/) Threshold ≤249 | 370.0 ± 24.7 (n = 68)** | 386.3 ± 27.1 (n = 60)** | 303.5 ± 18.6 (n = 135)** | 310.4 ± 17.5 (n = 50)** | < 0.0001 | 0.012 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) Threshold ≤5.9 | 104.7 ± 36.5 (n = 61)** | 113.3 ± 39.6 (n = 56)** | 177.5 ± 52.9 (n = 105)** | 279.6 ± 118.9 (n = 39)** | 0.401 | 0.297 |
D-dimer (μg/ml) Threshold ≤5 | 2.4 ± 0.8 (n = 61)** | 2.6 ± 0.9 (n = 53)** | 3.0 ± 0.5 (n = 102)** | 3.9 ± 1.0 (n = 38)** | 0.924 | 0.462 |
Result of RT-PCR | ||||||
Positive | 72 (100.0) | 61 (100.0) | – | – | ||
By initial test | 69 (95.8) | 58 (95.1) | – | – | ||
Several tests necessary for detection | 3 (4.2) | 3 (4.9) | ||||
By second test | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.6) | – | – | ||
By third test | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.6) | – | – | ||
By fourth test | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.6) | – | – | ||
Negative | – | – | 147 (100.0) | 50 (100.0) | ||
Radiological imaging at presentation | ||||||
CXR | 15 (20.8) | 11 (18.0) | 36 (24.5) | 7 (14.0) | ||
Pneumonic features | ||||||
Present (score 2) | 8 (53.3) | 8 (72.7) | 6 (16.7) | 4 (57.1) | ||
Possible (score 1) | 3 (20.0) | 2 (18.2) | 7 (19.4) | 3 (42.9) | ||
Absent (score 0) | 4 (26.7) | 1 (9.1) | 23 (63.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Chest CT | 69 (95.8) | 61 (100.0) | 120 (81.6) | 50 (100.0) | ||
Pneumonic features | ||||||
Unilateral | 5 (8.2) | 21 (42.0) | < 0.0001 | |||
Bilateral | 56 (91.8) | 29 (58.0) | < 0.0001 | |||
Affected lung lobes (mean ± SEM) | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | < 0.0001 | |||
Presence of GGOs | 61 (100.0) | 48 (96.0) | 0.201 | |||
Presence of Consolidations | 38 (62.3) | 35 (70.0) | 0.427 | |||
COVID-19 features | ||||||
Typical (score 2) | 45 (65.2) | 45 (73.8) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (2.0) | ||
Possible (score 1) | 12 (17.4) | 12 (19.7) | 13 (10.8) | 13 (26.0) | ||
Not typical (score 0) | 12 (17.4) | 4 (6.6) | 106 (88.3) | 36 (72.0) | ||