Table 3 Antimicrobial resistance in selected pathogens causing surgical site infections (SSIs) in 4 MNGHA hospitals in Saudi Arabia (2007–2016)
CSEC (N = 137) | COLO (N = 27) | CBGB (N = 155) | CHOL (N = 19) | HER (N = 18) | KPRO (N = 18) | Others (N = 36) | Total (N = 410) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tested pathogens | ||||||||
Staphylococcus aureus | 60 (89.6%) | 1 (100.0%) | 26 (92.9%) | 3 (100.0%) | 3 (60.0%) | 5 (71.4%) | 1 (100.0%) | 99 (88.4%) |
Enterococcus spp. | 9 (90.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | 7 (87.5%) | 1 (50.0%) | 3 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 23 (79.3%) | |
Klebsiella spp. (cephalosporins) | 15 (100.0%) | 4 (100.0%) | 24 (82.8%) | 3 (75.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 3 (60.0%) | 52 (86.7%) |
Enterobacteriaceae | 35 (92.1%) | 7 (63.6%) | 37 (60.7%) | 8 (80.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 3 (100.0%) | 16 (80.0%) | 110 (74.3%) |
Acinetobacter spp. | 1 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 4 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 4 (100.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 18 (94.7%) | 6 (100.0%) | 51 (98.1%) | 2 (100.0%) | 5 (100.0%) | 6 (85.7%) | 8 (100.0%) | 96 (97.0%) |
Klebsiella spp. (at least 3 classes) | 10 (66.7%) | 4 (100.0%) | 24 (82.8%) | 4 (100.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 49 (81.7%) |
Escherichia coli | 12 (70.6%) | 7 (87.5%) | 15 (93.8%) | 5 (100.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 49 (81.7%) |
Resistance types | ||||||||
MRSA | 20 (33.3%) | 1 (100.0%) | 6 (23.1%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 30 (30.3%) |
VRE | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (13.0%) | |
CephR Klebsiella | 1 (6.7%) | 1 (25.0%) | 4 (16.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 2 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 13 (25.0%) |
CRE | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 6 (5.5%) |
MDR Acinetobacter | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 7 (58.3%) | |
MDR Pseudomonas | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 4 (7.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (12.5%) | 7 (7.3%) |
MDR Klebsiella | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (25.0%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1 (25.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 10 (20.4%) |
MDR Escherichia coli | 2 (16.7%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | 8 (16.3%) |