Effect of age at vaccination on the measles vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity: systematic review and meta-analysis

Carazo, Sara; Billard, Marie-Noëlle; Boutin, Amélie; De Serres, Gaston

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4870-x

Table 1 Vaccine effectiveness and measles risk ratio by age at first vaccination

From: Effect of age at vaccination on the measles vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity: systematic review and meta-analysis

A. ONE-DOSE ANALYSIS A-1. VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS [95% Confidence Intervals]
Author, year of epidemic (ref)	Cases^a		Age at first vaccination
			< 9	9	10–11	12	13–14	15	> 15
McIntyre, 1977 [31]	65					100% [−]	75.2% [47, 96]	93.3% [87, 97]
Aaby, 1980 [32]	49		54.1% [5, 78]	48.6% [0, 76]		69.8% [49, 82]
Hull, 1981 [33]	61		41.9% [0, 76]	85.5% [56, 95]		85.9% [45, 96]		90.2% [78, 96]
Anonymus, 1983 [34]	264		43.0% [NC]	83.0% [NC]
Nkowane, 1984 [35]	18		33.3% [0, 83]			98.0% [82, 100]		93.2% [78, 98]
McCombie, 1985 [36]	83		−87.9% [− 438, 34]			33.0% [0, 73]		51.0% [0, 79]
Davis, 1985 [37]	25		100% [−]			97.5% [91, 99]		96.8% [83, 99]
Roberston, 1986 [38]	40		70.2% [22, 80]			84.0% [63, 93]		95.1% [88, 98]
George, 1986 [39]	67		50.3% [22, 68]	59.0% [36, 74]
Sharma 1987 [40]	132			49.7% [22, 68]	52.7% [23, 71]		71.0% [0–96]	73.4% [0, 96]
Hersh, 1987 [41]	46		80.8% [39, 94]			80.5% [51, 92]		93.7% [84, 97]
Lee, 1988 [42]	52		79.5% [0–97]				75.4% [3, 94]		78.9 [61, 88]
Chawla, 1989 [3]	176			77.3% [53, 89]		87.7% [67, 95]		100% [−]
Rivest, 1989 [4]	138				87.2% [0, 99]	91.5%[0, 100]	96.5% [37, 100]	97.8% [60, 100]
De la Puente,1990 [43]	50					58.5% [13, 80]		70.5% [59, 79]
Malfait, 1990 [44]	94			25.9% [8, 41]		94.4% [93, 96]
Murray, 1990 [5]	74		40.1% [0, 81]	75.5% [47, 89]		86.9% [66, 95]		92.0% [75, 97]
Coetzee, 1992 [45]	17		74.7% [13, 93]				81.4% [51–93]
McDonnell,1993 [46]	40		96.6% [66, 100]			95.7% [84, 99]		95.0% [84, 98]
Lee, 1994 [47]	6		30.0% [0, 87]			72.0% [0, 95]		100% [−]
Kaninda, 1995 [48]	1295		86.9% [81, 91]	94.2% [93, 95]
Kotb, 1995 [49]	230			25.6%[0, 53]	72.3% [55, 83]
Hennessey, 1996 [50]	167		91.5% [67, 98]	87.9% [83–92]		91.0% [87, 94]			90.0 [84, 94]
John, 1999 [51]	67		24.0% [0, 55]	62.2% [0, 87]
A-2. MEASLES RISK RATIO / ODDS RATIO [95% Confidence Intervals]
Author, year of epidemic (ref)	Cases^a	RR/OR^b	Age at first vaccination
			< 9	9	10–11	12	13–14	15	> 15
Shelton, 1976 [52]	21	OR	1.00 [0.2, 4.7]			1.00 (ref)		0.05 [0.01, 0.3]
Judelsohn, 1978 [53]	58	RR	1.92 [0.7, 5.3]		0.49 [0.2, 1.1]	1.00 (ref)	0.34 [0.1, 0.8]	0.48 [0.3, 0.9]
Faust, 1978 [54]	63	RR	0.92 [0.5, 1.6]			1.00 (ref)	0.26 [0.1, 0.6]	0.44 [0.1, 1.4]	0.25 [0.1, 0.7]
Lopes, ≈1979 [55]	14	RR	1.62 [0.7, 3.6]			1.00 (ref)
Aaby, 1980 [32]	49	RR	1.52 [0.6, 3.6]	1.70 [0.7, 4.2]		1.00 (ref)
Hull, 1981 [33]	61	RR	4.13 [0.8, 20.2]	1.03 [0.2, 5.8]		1.00 (ref)		0.69 [0.2, 3.3]
Wassilak, 1981 [56]	18	OR	1.00 [0.1, 8.4]			1.00 (ref)	0.20 [0.02, 2.0]	0.11 [0.03, 0.4]
Hull, 1984 [57]	21	OR	NC			1.00 (ref)		0.21 [0.1, 0.9]
Nkowane, 1984 [35]	18	RR	32.92 [3.8, 283.5]			1.00 (ref)		3.31 [0.4, 25.7]
McCombie, 1985 [36]	83	RR	2.80 [1.2, 6.4]			1.00 (ref)		0.73 [0.4, 1.2]
Davis, 1985 [37]	25	RR	0			1.00 (ref)		1.30 [0.4, 4.4]
Chen, 1985 [58]	16	OR	1.20 [0.2, 7.3]			1.00 (ref)		0.14 [0.03, 0.6]
Mast, 1986 [59]	170	OR	3.09 [0.9, 1.08]			1.00 (ref)		0.15 [0.1, 0.3]
Roberston, 1986 [38]	40	RR	1.86 [0.9, 3.9]			1.00 (ref)		0.31 [0.2, 0.7]
Sharma 1987 [40]	132	RR		1.06 [0.6, 2.0]	1.00 (ref)		0.61[0.1, 4.2]	0.56 [0.1, 3.9]
Hutchins, 1987 [60]	30	RR				1.00 (ref)	0.49 [0.1, 1.8]	0.60 [0.3, 1.3]
Hersh, 1987 [41]	46	RR	0.99 [0.4, 2.6]			1.00 (ref)		0.32 [0.2, 0.6]
Agocs, 1988 [61]	79	RR	1.00 (ref)				0.92 [0.6, 1.4]
Lee, 1988 [42]	52	RR	1.00 (ref)				1.20 [0.1, 12.4]		1.03 [0.1, 7.5]
Paunio, 1988 [10]	153^c	OR	1.00 (ref)				0.37 [0.1, 1.0]
Chawla, 1989 [3]	176	RR		1.84 [0.6, 6.1]		1.00 (ref)		0.00
Ng, 1989 [62]	16	RR	1.70 [0.4, 7.2]			1.00 (ref)		0.41 [0.1, 3.1]
De Serres, 1989 [63]	525	OR	0.98 [0.7, 1.4]			1.00 (ref)	0.50 [0.4, 0.7]	0.29 [0.2, 0.4]
Rivest, 1989 [4]	138	OR			1.56 [0.5, 4.5]	1.00 (ref)	0.40 [0.2, 0.8]	0.26 [0.2, 0.5]
De la Puente, 1990 [43]	50	RR				1.00 (ref)		0.71 [0.3, 1.7]
Malfait, 1990 [44]	94	RR		13.23 [6.4, 26.5]		1.00 (ref)
De Serres, 1990 [64]	5514	OR			1.40 [1.2, 1.6]	1.00 (ref)	0.59 [0.5, 0.6]	0.38 [0.3, 0.4]	0.38 [0.3, 0.4]
Murray, 1990 [5]	74	RR	4.58 [1.1, 20.0]	1.88 [0.6, 6.2]		1.00 (ref)		0.62 [0.1, 2.6]
Coetzee, 1992 [45]	17	RR	1.00 (ref)				0.73 [0.2, 2.8]
McDonnell, 1993 [46]	40	OR	0.79 [0.1, 7.6]			1.00 (ref)		1.16 [0.4, 3.4]
Patel, 1994 [65]	7	RR	0.00	3.6[0.4,29.3]	1.72[0.1, 25.9]	1.00 (ref)
Lee, 1994 [47]	6	RR	2.50 [0.4, 15.4]			1.00 (ref)		0.00
Sutcliffe, 1995 [66]	82	RR				1.00 (ref)		0.28 [0.2, 0.4]
Kaninda, 1995 [48]	1295	RR	2.27 [1.5, 3.3]	1.00 (ref)
Kotb, 1995 [49]	230	OR		2.69[1.9,3.9]	1.00 (ref)
Hennessey, 1996 [50]	167	RR	0.91 [0.2, 3.7]	1.30 [0.8, 2.1]		1.00 (ref)			1.08 [0.6, 1.9]
John, 1999 [51]	67	RR	2.01 [0.8, 5.4]	1.00 (ref)
B. TWO-DOSE ANALYSIS B-1. VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS [95% Confidence Intervals]
Author, year of epidemic (ref)	Cases^a		Age at first vaccination
			< 9	9	10–11	12	13–14	15	> 15
McCombie, 1985 [36]	22		63.3% [0, 88]			55.1% [0, 89]		37.6% [0, 79]
Roberston, 1986 [38]	4		72.2% [0, 96]			100% faf[−]
Hersh, 1987 [41]	4		88.9% [12, 99]			100% [−]
De Serres, 2011 [67]^d	52					93.0% [90, 95]	94.7% [90, 97]	97.5% [94, 99]
B-2. MEASLES RISK RATIO / ODDS RATIO [95% Confidence Intervals]
Author, year of epidemic (ref)	Cases^a	RR/OR^b	Age at first vaccination
			< 9	9	10–11	12	13–14	15	> 15
McCombie, 1985 [36]	22	RR	0.82 [0.2, 3.2]			1.00 (ref)		1.39 [0.4, 5.3]
Paunio 1988 [10]	153^c	OR	1.00 (ref)				0.29 [0.04, 2.0]
De Serres, 1990 [64]	28	OR			3.48 [1.4, 8.4]	1.00 (ref)		1.27 [0.4, 4.0]
Defay, 2011 [11]	99	OR				1.00 (ref)	1.04 [0.7, 1.7]	0.00	0.17[0.04,0.7]

Abbreviations: NC not calculable, RR relative risk, OR odds ratio
^a Number of cases included in the calculation of the age effect
^b Risk ratios comparing attack rates by age in months of administration of the first dose of measles vaccine (reference age category is the one containing 12 months, specified according to the paper). Odds ratios have been calculated for case-control studies
^c Number of cases in the study, not specified the number in the one and two dose analysis
^d Effectiveness assessed in a school outbreak during the epidemic reported in Defay, 2011

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