Table 2 Distribution of age, gender and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) in 525 household contacts of 176 adults with confirmed pulmonary TB according to infection categories at baseline Contact Investigation
Missing | Total with available data N = 525 | TST−/QFT-1 N = 167 | TST+ or QFT + 1 N = 167 | TST+/QFT + 1 N = 113 | Subclinical TB2 at baseline N = 29 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Interview | ||||||
Gender (male) | 49 (9.3) | 193 (40.5) | 79 (47.3) | 61 (36.5) | 39 (34.5) | 14 (48.3) |
Age (years)3 | 50 (9.5) | |||||
< 5 | 38 (8.0) | 22 (13.2) | 8 (4.8) | 6 (5.4) | 2 (6.9) | |
5–14 | 138 (29.1) | 41 (24.6) | 47 (28.1) | 38 (33.9) | 12 (41.4) | |
> 14 | 299 (62.9) | 104 (62.3) | 112 (67.1) | 68 (60.7) | 15 (51.7) | |
Individual risk factors | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 49 (9.3) | 9 (1.9) | 2 (1.2) | 5 (3.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (3.4) |
Smoking | 49 (9.3) | 118 (24.8) | 35 (21.0) | 48 (28.7) | 27 (23.9) | 8 (27.6) |
Tuberculosis Contact Score | ||||||
Mean (St.dev) | 10.9 (2.3) | 10.4 (2.3) | 11.1 (2.3) | 11.6 (2.0) | 11.2 (1.8) | |
Symptoms4 | 13 (2.7) | 5 (3.0) | 4 (2.4) | 3 (2.7) | 1 (3.4) | |
Environmental risk factors | ||||||
Crowding5 (mean, St.dev) | 55 (10.5) | 4.25 (2.04) | 4.41 (2.25) | 4.14 (1.98) | 4.18 (1.89) | 3.43 (1.53) |
In-door pollution6 | 55 (10.5) | |||||
LPG | 60 (11.4) | 14 (9.8) | 21 (14.2) | 17 (16.3) | 2 (7.4) | |
Kerosene | 15 (2.9) | 3 (2.1) | 4 (2.7) | 5 (4.8) | 1 (3.7) | |
Wood + agri residue | 329 (75.2) | 126 (88.1) | 123 (83.1) | 82 (78.8) | 24 (88.9) | |
Examination and tests | ||||||
Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) | 49 (9.3) | |||||
mm (median, range) | 8.0 (34) | 6.0 (9) | 7.0 (34) | 14.0 (23) | 7.0 (12) | |
≥ 10 mm | 152 (31.9) | 0 | 30 (18.0) | 113 (100) | 9 (31.0) | |
Quantiferon (QFT) | 51 (9.7) | |||||
IU/mL (median, range) | 0.56 (19.8) | 0.03 (3.2) | 1.44 (10.7) | 4.58 (9.6) | 1.36 (10.1) | |
≥ 0.35 IU/mL | 266 (56.1) | 0 | 137 (82.0) | 113 (100) | 16 (59.3) | |
Mtb specimen for culture | 32 (6.1) | |||||
2 of 2 samples harvested | 471 (98.9) | 162 (97.9) | 167 (100) | 113 (100) | 29 (100) | |
1 of 2 samples harvested | 5 (1.1) | 5 (3.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Smear + | 7 (1.5) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (3.4) | |
Chest X-ray | 49 (9.3) | |||||
Abnormal, not TB | 13 (2.7) | 4 (2.4) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (6.2) | 1 (3.4) | |
Abnormal, TB | 15 (3.2) | 3 (1.8) | 7 (4.2) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (6.9) | |
BCG scar present | 96 (18.3) | |||||
Yes | 221 (51.5) | 85 (55.6) | 76 (50.7) | 46 (46.0) | 14 (53.8) | |
BMI and BMIZ7 | ||||||
BMI when aged ≥15 years. Mean (st.dev) | 29 (8.8) | 19.6 (3.19) | 19.30 (3.03) | 20.15 (3.72) | 19.25 (2.61) | 18.69 (2.13) |
BMIZ when aged< 15 years. Mean (st.dev) | 9 of 187 | −0.14 (1.70) | − 0.48 (1.85) | 0.19 (1.33) | −0.14 (1.91) | − 0.15 (1.71) |