Table 1 Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and imaging features of 243 COVID-19 patients

 Age, years

47.0 (20–89)

44.7 (20–87)

58.7 (28–89)

< 0.001

   < 60

175 (72)

154 (75.9)

21 (52.5)

0.003

   ≥ 60

68 (28)

49 (24.1)

19 (47.5)

 Sex

0.046

  Male

105 (43.2)

82 (40.4)

23 (57.5)

  Female

138 (56.8)

121 (59.6)

17 (42.5)

 Fever

185 (83.5)

158 (77.8)

27 (67.5)

0.161

 Cough

155 (63.8)

130 (64)

25 (62.5)

0.853

 Sputum

70 (28.8)

56 (27.6)

14 (35)

0.344

 Weakness

111 (45.7)

90 (44.3)

21 (54.5)

0.343

 Diarrhea

21 (8.6)

18 (8.9)

3 (7.5)

0.779

 Nausea/Vomiting

20 (8.2)

14 (6.9)

6 (15)

0.088

 Chest tightness

57 (23.5)

40 (19.7)

17 (42.5)

0.002

 Dyspnea

12 (4.9)

9 (4.4)

3 (7.5)

0.413

 Myalgia

66 (27.2)

58 (28.6)

8 (20)

0.265

 Chill

41 (16.9)

36 (17.7)

5 (12.5)

0.419

 Conjunctival congestion

1 (0.4)

1 (0.5)

0

0.835

 Dizziness

45 (18.5)

37 (18.2)

8 (20)

0.792

 White blood cell count, ×10⁹/L

5 (2.1)

4.8 (1.9)

5.9 (2.8)

0.006

   < 10

236 (97.1)

199 (98)

37 (92.5)

0.056

   ≥ 10

7 (2.9

4 (2)

3 (7.5)

 Lymphocyte count, ×10⁹/L

1.2 (0.6)

1.2 (0.6)

0.9 (0.4)

0.07

   < 1

110 (45.3)

87 (42.9)

23 (57.5)

0.089

   ≥ 1

133 (54.7)

116 (57.1)

17 (42.5)

 Monocyte count, ×10⁹/L

0.4 (0.2)

0.4 (0.2)

0.4 (0.3)

0.02

   < 0.5

187 (77)

158 (77.8)

29 (72.5)

0.464

   ≥ 0.5

56 (23)

45 (22.2)

11 (27.5)

 Platelet, ×10⁹/L

182 (66)

183 (66)

172 (67)

0.414

   < 100

19 (7.8)

15 (7.4)

4 (10)

0.574

   ≥ 100

224 (92.2)

188 (92.6)

36 (90)

 Hemoglobin, g/L

133 (26)

133 (28)

131 (19)

0.924

 D-dimer, mg/L

1 (2.2)

0.8 (1.6)

2.1 (4)

< 0.001

   < 1

199 (81.9)

173 (85.2)

26 (65)

0.002

   ≥ 1

44 (18.1)

30 (14.8)

14 (35)

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

2.3 (3.1)

2 (3)

3.6 (3.2)

0.038

   < 1

121 (49.8)

107 (52.7)

14 (35)

0.041

   ≥ 1

122 (50.2)

96 (47.3)

26 (65)

 α-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, U/L

161 (161)

142 (57)

247 (352)

< 0.001

   < 180

195 (80.2)

173 (85.2)

22 (55)

< 0.001

   ≥ 180

48 (19.8)

30 (14.8)

18 (45)

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

197 (91)

185 (79)

251 (119)

0.002

   < 250

199 (81.9)

178 (87.7)

21 (52.5)

< 0.001

   ≥ 250

44 (18.1)

25 (12.3)

19 (47.5)

 Creatine kinase, U/L

148 (313)

120 (172)

273 (636)

< 0.001

   < 190

214 (88.1)

184 (90.6)

30 (75)

0.005

   ≥ 190

29 (11.9)

19 (9.4)

10 (25)

 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L

30 (45)

30 (48)

31 (26)

0.662

 Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L

28 (23)

27 (22)

34 (25)

0.526

 γ-Glutamyltransferase, U/L

37 (52)

34 (50)

54 (60)

0.07

 Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L

7.1 (28)

6.7 (30)

9.2 (11)

0.744

 Creatinine, μmol/L

90.7 (192)

67 (43)

211 (449)

< 0.001

   < 97

226 (93)

193 (95.1)

33 (82.5)

0.004

   ≥ 97

17 (7)

10 (4.9)

7 (17.5)

 Procalcitonin, ng/mL

0.1 (0.2)

0.09 (0.18)

0.16 (0.28)

0.135

 Brain natriuretic peptide

420 (2587)

69 (109)

1532 (5210)

< 0.001

 NLR

3.9 (4.2)

3.7 (3.9)

10.6 (7.7)

< 0.001

 Any

97 (40.2)

70 (34.8)

27 (67.5)

< 0.001

 Hypertension

45 (18.5)

30 (14.8)

15 (37.5)

0.001

 Diabetes

24 (9.9)

18 (8.9)

6 (15)

0.235

 Hyperlipemia

10 (4.1)

8 (3.9)

2 (5)

0.671

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

10 (4.1)

5 (2.5)

5 (12.5)

0.003

 Chronic pulmonary disease

12 (4.9)

8 (3.9)

4 (10)

0.116

 Cerebrovascular disease

1 (0.4)

1 (0.5)

0

0.036

 Chronic kidney disease

10 (4.1)

4 (2)

6 (15)

0.002

 Fatty liver

12 (5)

9 (4.5)

3 (7.5)

0.316

 Hepatitis

6 (2.5)

3 (1.5)

3 (7.5)

0.058

 Malignancy

9 (3.7)

8 (4)

1 (2.5)

0.656

 Surgery history

34 (14)

27 (13.3)

7 (17.5)

0.484

 Initial CT score, median (IQR)

3 (0–15)

3 (0–15)

3 (1–15)

0.112

 Maximum CT score, median (IQR)

8 (0–28)

7 (0–20)

14 (3–28)

< 0.001

 Onset of symptoms to hospital, median (IQR), days

4 (2–7)

4 (2–7)

4 (2–7)

0.733

 Hospital stay, median (IQR), days

19 (13–25)

18 (13–24)

22 (18.5–28.5)

< 0.001

 Time from illness onset to highest CT score, median (IQR), days

10 (6–13)

9 (6–12)

13 (8–17.8)

< 0.001