Table 2 Clinical, radiological characteristics, treatments and follow-up swabs of Group 1 and Group 2 COVID-19 patients
Available | All patients n. 303 | Group 1 n. 234 | Group 2 n. 69 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Co-existing medical conditions | 100% | ||||
Hypertension | 153 (50.5%) | 103 (44.0%) | 50 (72.4%) | < 0.01 | |
Diabetes mellitus (pre-existing and newly diagnosed) | 71 (23,.4%) | 49 (21.0%) | 22 (31.9%) | 0.04 | |
Chronic cardiac disease | 44 (14,5%) | 36 (15.4%) | 8 (11.6%) | 0.65 | |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 26 (8.6%) | 19 (8.1%) | 7 (11.1%) | 0.67 | |
Chronic gastrointestinal disease | 26 (8.6%) | 24 (10.3%) | 2 (2.9%) | 0.16 | |
Active malignancy | 26 (8.6%) | 21 (9%) | 5 (7.2%) | 0.93 | |
Transplant | 3 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.02 | |
Urologic disorders | 36 (11.9%) | 28 (12%) | 8 (11.6%) | 0.90 | |
Chronic kidney disease | 15 (4.9%) | 12 (5.1%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.93 | |
Obesity (BMI > 30) | 51 (16.8%) | 40 (17.1%) | 11 (16.0%) | 0.87 | |
Overweight (BMI > 25) | 154 (50.8%) | 119 (50.8%) | 35 (50.7%) | 0.80 | |
Number of medical conditions | 100% | ||||
0 | 101 (33.4%) | 87 (37.2%) | 14 (20.3%) | 0.03 | |
≥ 2 | 96 (31.7%) | 71 (30.3%) | 25 (36.2%) | 0.47 | |
Symptoms at admission | 100% | ||||
Fever | 243 (80.2%) | 187 (79.9%) | 56 (83.2%) | 0.73 | |
Dry cough | 93 (30.7%) | 59 (25.2%) | 34 (49.3%) | < 0.01 | |
Productive cough | 28 (9.2%) | 24 (10.3%) | 4 (5.8%) | 0.54 | |
Sore throat | 16 (5.3%) | 10 (4.3%) | 6 (8.7%) | 0.21 | |
Dyspnoea | 96 (31.7%) | 69 (29.5%) | 27 (39.1%) | 0.20 | |
Conjunctivitis | 3 (1.0%) | 0 | 3 (4.3%) | 0.02 | |
Diarrhoea | 21 (6.9%) | 17 (7.3%) | 4 (5.8%) | 0.81 | |
Myalgia | 23 (7.6%) | 16 (6.8%) | 7 (10.1%) | 0.55 | |
Arthralgia | 13 (4.3%) | 10 (4.3%) | 3 (4.3%) | 1 | |
Malaise | 41 (13.5%) | 31 (13.2%) | 10 (14.5%) | 0.69 | |
Dysgeusia | 49 (16.2%) | 40 (17.1%) | 9 (13.0%) | 0.52 | |
Skin rash | 13 (4.3%) | 12 (5.1%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0.33 | |
Sat02 < 94% in air room at admission | 100% | 134 (44.2%) | 97 (41.4%) | 37 (53.6%) | 0.12 |
Positive chest X-ray at admission | 92.3% | 177 (63.2%) | 140 (60.1%) | 37 (78.7%) | 0.15 |
Positivization of chest X-ray during hospitalization | 24 (23.1%) | 16 (17.2%) | 8 (72.7%) | 0.01 | |
Anti SARS-CoV-2 treatment | 100% | ||||
Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine | 183 (60.3%) | 149 (63.7%) | 34 (49.2%) | < 0.01 | |
Lopinavir/ritonavir | 88 (43.3%) | 63 (26.9%) | 25 (36.2%) | 0.01 | |
Remdesivir | 19 (6.8%) | 18 (7.7%) | 1,0 (1.4%) | 0.01 | |
Tocilizumab | 18 (5.9%) | 12 (5.1%) | 6 (8.7%) | 0.15 | |
Azithromycin | 120 (39.6%) | 99 (42.3%) | 21 (30.4%) | 0.01 | |
Antibiotic treatment iv | 100% | 163 (53.8%) | 111 (47.4%) | 52 (75.3%) | < 0.01 |
0xygen therapy | 100% | ||||
Low or high flow systemsa | 168 (55.4%) | 99 (42.3%) | 69 (100%) | < 0.01 | |
NIV | 61 (20.1%) | 0 | 61 (88.4%) | ||
MV | 30 (9.9%) | 0 | 30 (43.4%) | ||
Negative follow up swab for SARS-CoV-2b | 93.7% | 236 (83.1%) | 182 (80.1%) | 54 (91.5%) | 0.70 |
Days from hospitalization to negativization | 93.7% | 22 (14–39) | 20 (13.9–32) | 35 (20–57) | < 0.01 |