Public health impact and cost effectiveness of routine and catch-up vaccination of girls and women with a nine-valent HPV vaccine in Japan: a model-based study

Table 3 Total discounted costs and QALYs per capita, and the ICER associated with each vaccination strategy

Vaccination Strategy	Discounted screening and treatment costs (¥)	Discounted vaccination costs (¥)	Total Discounted Costs (¥)^*	Total Discounted QALYs (years)	ICER (¥/QALYs)
No vaccination, screening only	36,455	–	36,455	39.71150	–
Girls-only routine vaccination with 4vHPV	33,116	8711	41,827	39.71701	975,364
Girls-only routine vaccination with 9vHPV	31,981	13,145	45,126	39.71868	Weakly dominated^a
Girls-only routine and catch-up vaccination with 9vHPV	31,335	14,824	46,160	39.71983	1,534,493

ICER Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, HPV Human papillomavirus, ¥ Japanese Yen, QALY Quality-adjusted life years. Girls-only vaccination with 4vHPV included routine vaccination of 12–16-year old girls with 4vHPV from 2021 onwards; Girls-only vaccination with 9vHPV included routine vaccination of 12–16-year old girls with 9vHPV; Girls-only routine and catch-up vaccination with 9vHPV consisted of routine vaccination of 12–16-year old girls from 2021 onwards and temporary catch-up vaccination of 17–26 years old girls and women with 9vHPV until 2025. All vaccination strategies were combined with cervical cancer screening
^aGirls-only routine vaccination with 9vHPV is weakly dominated (and shouldn’t be implemented) because it has an ICER of ¥1,966,138/QALYs which is greater than that of the more effective strategy of Girls-only routine and catch-up vaccination with 9vHPV

ISSN: 1471-2334