Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients divided into those who developed sepsis and into those who did not develop sepsis
From: A novel optical biosensor for the early diagnosis of sepsis and severe Covid-19: the PROUD study
|  | Sepsis (n = 17) | Non-sepsis (n = 125) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age years, mean (± SD) | 73.4 ± 13.4 | 73.5 ± 14.7 | 0.960 |
Male gender, n (%) | 9 (52.9) | 5 (45.6) | 0.612 |
Admission APACHE II, mean (± SD) | 10.88 ± 3.72 | 7.73 ± 2.90 | < 0.0001 |
Admission SOFA score, mean (± SD) | 2.59 ± 2.15 | 1.08 ± 1.49 | < 0.0001 |
Time of sepsis onset (min), median (IQR) | 1080 (1760) | NA | Â |
CCI, mean ± SD | 5.24 ± 2.53 | 4.58 ± 2.27 | 0.270 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 7 (41.2) | 36 (28.8) | 0.398 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (17.6) | 8 (6.4) | 0.128 |
 Chronic heart failure | 7 (41.2) | 21 (16.8) | 0.045 |
 Chronic renal disease | 3 (17.6) | 11 (8.8) | 0.377 |
 Stroke | 1 (5.9) | 28 (22.4) | 0.196 |
 Dementia | 2 (11.8) | 13 (10.4) | 1.00 |
 Coronary heart disease | 2 (11.8) | 19 (15.2) | 1.00 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 6 (35.3) | 23 (18.4) | 0.116 |
 Depression / psychosis | 0 (0) | 14 (11.2) | 0.219 |
 Intake of antimicrobials the last 3 months | 5 (29.4) | 28 (22.4) | 0.545 |
Underlying infections, n (%) | |||
 Respiratory tract infections | 6 (35.3) | 31 (24.8) | 0.382 |
 Urinary tract infection | 2 (11.8) | 13 (10.4) | 1.00 |
 Intra-abdominal infection | 5 (29.4) | 10 (8) | 0.019 |
 ABSSSI | 2 (11.8) | 6 (4.8) | 0.245 |
 Bacteremia | 1 (5.9) | 1 (0.8) | 0.226 |
 Other | 1 (5.9) | 7 (5.6) | 0.477 |
White blood cells (/mm3, mean ± SD) | 9852 ± 5209 | 9550 ± 5868 | 0.841 |
Platelets (× 103/mm3, mean ± SD) | 221 ± 100 | 247 ± 79 | 0.291 |
INR (mean ± SD) | 1.10 ± 0.17 | 1.15 ± 0.43 | 0.736 |
Creatinine (mg/dl, mean ± SD) | 1.88 ± 2.44 | 0.94 ± 0.49 | 0.001 |
CRP (mg/l, median-IQR) | 62.2 (74.1) | 18.3 (83.8) | 0.140 |
PCT ng/ml, median (IQR) | 0.26 (0.64) | 0.11 (0.22) | 0.025 |