Gastrointestinal symptoms in invasive pneumococcal disease: a cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate survival analysis by Cox regression for 355 adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease at admission to Aker University Hospital between 1993 and 2008

Univariate analysis
*Variable*	*Hazard ratio*	*Std.err*	*p-value*	*95% CI*
*Gastrointestinal symptoms only*	2.24	0.72	0.011	1.20	- 4.19
*Age*	1.03	0.01	0.001	1.01	- 1.05
*Being female*	0.66	0.18	0.136	0.39	- 1.14
*Cardiovascular disease*	1.43	0.39	0.192	0.83	- 2.45
*Diabetes*	1.74	0.71	0.173	0.79	- 3.85
*Pulmonary disease*	1.54	0.44	0.135	0.88	- 2.69
*Cancer*	1.45	0.46	0.247	0.77	- 2.71
*Alcohol*	1.32	0.51	0.473	0.62	- 2.79
*Smoking*	1.21	0.33	0.499	0.70	- 2.07
*Steroid*	1.40	0.57	0.407	0.63	- 3.10
*Antibiotics given immediately after blood culture was drawn*	0.46	0.24	0.134	0.17	- 1.27
Multivariate analysis
*Variable*	*Hazard ratio*	*Std.err*	*p-value*	*95% CI*
*Gastrointestinal symptoms only*	3.96	1.43	0.000	1.95	- 8.06
*Age*	1.05	0.01	0.000	1.03	- 1.07
*Being female*	0.49	0.14	0.015	0.27	- 0.87
*Cardiovascular disease*	1.00	0.31	0.998	0.55	- 1.83
*Diabetes*	1.56	0.67	0.303	0.67	- 3.61
*Pulmonary disease*	1.34	0.43	0.369	0.71	- 2.51
*Cancer*	1.39	0.48	0.342	0.70	- 2.74
*Alcohol*	1.53	0.65	0.315	0.67	- 3.53
*Smoking*	1.34	0.42	0.344	0.73	- 2.46
*Steroid*	1.23	0.52	0.623	0.54	- 2.84
*Antibiotics given immediately after blood culture was drawn*	0.63	0.36	0.419	0.20	- 1.95

ISSN: 1471-2334