Table 1 Data sources and parameters regarding cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy, potential screening tests and hygiene measures
Parameter | Sources | Best estimate | Min-Max | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sero-prevalence in 15–49 years-old women | [97] | 45.6% | 25.2–61.0% | Robust French representative survey |
Incidence of MPI |  | 1.0% | 0.2–1.4% | Mean incidence and mean of CI lower and higher limits (expert consensus) |
Transmission rate from mother to foetus | 40.0% | 5.0–72.2% | Mean transmission rates and CI lower and higher limits from studies reporting rates by trimester of pregnancy | |
Transmission rate from mother to foetus (1st trimester) | 19% | NA | Mean incidence (expert consensus); screening scenario only | |
Transmission rate from mother to foetus (2nd trimester) | 36% | NA | Mean incidence (expert consensus); screening scenario only | |
Transmission rate after reinfectionb | Â | Â | Unknown; assumed equal to transmission after MPI | |
Proportion of infected newborns who are symptom free | 87.3% | Min: 75.0% | Stable across studies | |
Proportion of medical TOP among MPI or infected foetus | [2, 4, 20, 23, 25, 39, 41, 43, 74, 88, 89, 105, 107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120] | 9.2% | NA | Data from National Reference Laboratory and literature |
Proportion of medical TOP after screening | 95.0% | NA | Foetal infections confirmed by amniocentesis, positive or not at echography | |
Prevalence of infection at birth | 0.43% | 0.20–0.61% | Min-max from European studies, vary with selection and tests | |
Proportion of infected newborns who are symptomatic | 12.7% | NA | Do not include TOP, part of whom would have diedc | |
Proportion of infected newborns who are symptomatic born from mothers with immunity prior to pregnancy | 12.7% | NA | Stable across studies | |
Incidence of hearing impairment between birth and 5 years among asymptomatic newborns with sequelae | [9] | 53.0% | NA |  |
Frequency of any sequelae in asymptomatic newborns | 13.3% | NA | Â | |
Frequency of any severe sequelae in severe symptomatic newborns | [4, 9, 10, 19, 42, 43, 162, 163, 173] | 47.0% | NA | Middle of value range |
Frequency of any moderate sequela in severe symptomatic newborns | 25.0% | NA | Middle of value range | |
Frequency of any moderate sequela in moderately symptomatic newborns | 16.0% | NA | Middle of value range | |
Proportion of any severe symptomatic newborns without sequela | [105] | 28.0% | NA | Middle of value range |
Proportion of any moderately symptomatic newborns without sequela | [105] | 51.0% | NA | Middle of value range |
Frequency of any severe sequelae in moderately symptomatic newborns | [105] | 33.0% | NA | Middle of value range |
Proportion of any late sequelae among symptomatic newborns with sequelae | 43.0% | NA | Â | |
Sensitivity IgG | 99.7% | Â | Diasorin test; false negative women considered negatives, but MPI and consequences considered in truly infected women | |
Specificity IgG | 99.4% | Â | Abbott test; false positive women considered positives, but MPI and consequences considered in truly infected women | |
Sensitivity IgM | 94.0% | 79.4–95.9%a | Vidas, Beckman-Coulter, Diasorin, Roche, Siemen HC tests | |
Specificity IgM | 99.3% | 96.4–100%a |  | |
Sensitivity avidity of IgG | [23, 34, 36, 109, 131, 133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142] | 83,0% |  | During first 12 weeks of pregnancy; applied when IgM positive |
Specificity avidity of IgG | 82,0% |  | During first 12 weeks of pregnancy; applied when IgM positive | |
Absolute reduction with hygiene | [63] | −50% |  | Group consensus on most plausible result |