Table 2 Basic characteristics of case series/case reports included
Author/ Year | Region | Design | Sample size | Sex | Agea (years) | Infection | Organism | DCT | Combined antibiotics | Antimicrobial susceptibility test (μg/ml) | Treatment durationa (days) | Follow-up timea (days) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ceccarelli, 2013 [51] | Italy | case report | 1 | male | 65 | SBSI, VAP combined | MDR, KPC-III-producing KP | ETP 0.5/1 g q24h DOR 0.25/0.5/1 g q8h (4 h infusions) | – | ETP ≥8 R DOR R | 28 | 30 | clinical response microbiological response |
Giamarellou, 2013 [26] | Greece | case report | 3 | male (1) female (2) | 54 42 44 | SBSI (2), UTI (3) | PDR, KPC-II-producing KP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 1/2 g q8h (2) DOR 2 g q8h (1) | – | ETP > 8 R MEM > 16 R DOR > 8 R | 20 14 10 | 300 21 180 | clinical response 3/3 microbiological response 3/3 |
Oliva, 2014 [38] | Italy | case report | 3 | male (3) | – | API (1), BSI (2) | PDR, CPKP | ETP 0.5/1 g q24h MEM 1 g q12h/2 g q8h | – | ETP 128 R (1), 256 R (2) MEM 128 R (1), 256 R (2) | 21 2 24 | – | clinical response 3/3 microbiological response 3/3 demised 1/3 |
Camargo, 2015 [52] | USA | case report | 1 | female | 64 | IAI, VAP, BSI combined | XDR, KPC-producing KP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 1 g q12h | CST | ETP - MEM - CST 12 R | 12 | – | microbiological failure emergence of colistin resistance switched to AVC + ETP |
Chua, 2015 [41] | Singapore | case report | 2 | male (2) | 62 77 | SSI (1), HAP (1) | KPC-producing KP | ETP 0.5/1 g q24h DOR 0.5/1 g q8h (4 h infusions) | PMB + CST PMB | ETP 4 (1), > 32 (1) DOR 8 (1), − (1) PMB 1 (1), − (1) CST - | 12 10 + 7 | 30 13 | clinical response 2/2 microbiological response 2/2 demised 2/2 |
Oliva, 2015 [37] | Italy | case report | 1 | female | 75 | CVCI | PDR, KPC-producing KP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 2 g q8h | CST | ETP 128 R MEM 256 R CST 32 R | 21 | – | clinical response microbiological response |
Tumbarello, 2015 [50] | Italy | case report | 8 | – | ≥18 | BSI | KPC-producing KP | ETP MEM | – | ETP - MEM - | ≥2 | 14 | demised 3/8 |
Alessandra, 2016 [46] | Italy | case series | 15 | male (10) female (5) | 60.9 ± 10.9 | UTI (8), SSTI (2), EPI (2), PNA (1), MSI (2) | KPC-producing KP | ETP 1 g (1 h infusions) MEM 2 g q8h (3 h infusions) | – | ETP > 8 R (14) MEM > 16 R (14) ETP, MEM > 32 R (1) | 15 (7–150) | 60 | clinical response 12/15 microbiological response 12/15 adverse events 3/15 (nausea, hypernatremia and seizures) demised 1/15 |
Cprek, 2016 [47] | USA | case series | 18 | male (10) female (8) | 62.5(51–67) | BSI (7), PNA (5), IAI(2), UTI (3), SSSI (1) | CRKP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 2 g q8h (17) DOR 0.5 g q8h (1) | DOX, GEN AMK, CIP TGC + PMB CIP + TGC GEN + DOX | CAB > 1 R DOX, GEN, AMK, CIP, TGC, PMB - | 17 (2–72) | 30 | clinical response 7/18 microbiological response 11/14 adverse events 2/18 (2 seizures) demised 5/18 |
Montelione, 2016 [40] | Italy | case report | 1 | male | 62 | API | XDR, CPKP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 2 g q8h | – | ETP 128 R MEM 256 R | 28 | 1095 | clinical response microbiological response |
Oliva, 2016 [39] | Italy | case report | 1 | female | 61 | SSI, HAP, SBSI combined | KPC-producing EC | ETP 0.5 g q24h (1 h infusions) MEM 2 g q12h (3 h infusions) | – | ETP 16 R MEM 32 R | 10 | – | clinical response microbiological responsedemised |
Basaranoglu,2017 [44] | Turkey | case report | 3 | male (2) female (1) | 3 months 8 months 3 | SBSI (1), CRBSI (2) | MDR KP | ETP 0.015 g/kg q12h MEM 0.02–0.04 g/kg q8h | CIP + TGC AMK + TGC + CIP CIP + AMK + CST | ETP > 8 R (1), > 32 R (2) MEM > 6 R (1), > 32 R (2) CIP > 2 R (1), > 4 R (2) TGC 1 S (1), 2 S (1), > 2 R (1) AMK 16 IR (1), > 64 R (2) CST - | 14 15 26 | – | clinical response 2/3 microbiological response 3/3 |
Nekidy, 2017 [36] | United Arab Emirates | case report | 1 | female | 62 | SSI, UTI, PNA, BSI combined | MDR KP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 1 g q8h | – | ETP ≥8 R MEM - | 28 + 7, 10, 14, 28, 14 | – | clinical response microbiological response |
Souli, 2017 [45] | Greece | case series | 27 | male (15) female (12) | 59(15–83) | BSI (13), UTI (12), VAP (1), EVDI (1) | PDR/XDR, KPC-II-producing KP | ETP 1 g q24h (1 h infusions) MEM 2 g q8h (3 h infusions) | – | ETP > 8 IR MEM ≥2 IR | 10 (5–28) | 28 (9–200) | clinical response 21/27 microbiological response 20/27 adverse events 4/27 (generalized rash, eosinophilia and 2 aseptic meningitis) demised 8/27 |
Carrasco,2018 [42] | Spain | case report | 1 | female | 36 | BSI | XDR, KPC-producing KP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 2 g q8h (3 h infusions) | – | ETP ≥32 R MEM ≥32 R | 14 | 90 | clinical response microbiological response |
Galvão, 2018 [43] | Brazil | case report | 1 | male | 59 | SSI, SBSI combined | XDR, KPC-producing KP | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 2 g q8h (4 h infusions) | AMK + LZD +FCA | ETP ≥8 R MEM ≥16 R AMK 4 S LZD - FCA - | 45 | – | multiple organ failure and demised |
Liang, 2018 [48] | China | case report | 1 | male | 50 | SBSI | XDR KP | ETP 1 g q24h (1 h infusions) MEM 1 g q8h (3 h infusions) | – | ETP R MEM R | 9 | – | clinical response microbiological response |
Rosa, 2018 [49] | USA | case report | 2 | male (1) female (1) | 57 35 | UTI | NDM-harboring KP/EC | ETP 1 g q24h MEM 1 g q12h (4 h infusions) | FOF | ETP - MEM ≥16 R FOF 12 S (1), 256 R (1) | 14 | – | clinical response 2/2 microbiological response 2/2 |