Table 3 Salivary and sputum bacterial concentrations, distribution of Staphylococcus aureus, and pneumonia hospitalization status: differences between the intervention group and control group
|  | Intervention (N = 25) | Control (N = 16) |  | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Min | Mdn | Max | Mean ± SD | Min | Mdn | Max | p-valuec | |
Bacterial concentrations (×105CFU/mL) | |||||||||
 Saliva | |||||||||
  Before | 4.27 ± 3.65 | 0.56 | 3.30 | 14.26 | 2.66 ± 3.32 | 0.01 | 1.52 | 12.99 | 0.04 |
  After | 0.75 ± 1.20 | <  0.01 | 0.30 | 5.09 | 4.74 ± 9.53 | 0.08 | 1.23 | 33.43 | <  0.01 |
  Difference | −3.52 ± 3.37 |  |  |  | 2.08 ± 10.49 |  |  |  |  |
p-valueb | <  0.01 |  |  |  | 0.63 |  |  |  |  |
 Sputum | |||||||||
  Before | 0.59 ± 0.74 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 3.49 | 1.11 ± 1.63 | <  0.01 | 0.41 | 5.70 | 0.64 |
  After | 16.59 ± 75.99 | <  0.01 | 0.35 | 381.06 | 57.94 ± 226.08 | 0.16 | 1.07 | 905.72 | 0.04 |
  Difference | 16.00 ± 76.08 |  |  |  | 56.83 ± 226.38 |  |  |  |  |
p-valueb | 0.72 | Â | Â | Â | 0.53 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Distribution ofStaphylococcus aureus(%)a | |||||||||
 Saliva | |||||||||
  Before | 11.11 ± 14.47 | 0.00 | 6.25 | 41.67 | 9.03 ± 11.31 | 0.00 | 4.17 | 25.00 | 0.81 |
  After | 1.74 ± 3.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 1.39 ± 2.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.17 | 0.86 |
  Difference | −9.38 ± 12.33 |  |  |  | −7.64 ± 12.75 |  |  |  |  |
p-valueb | 0.02 | Â | Â | Â | 0.31 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Sputum | |||||||||
  Before | 14.17 ± 23.29 | 0.00 | 4.17 | 87.50 | 22.66 ± 27.89 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 83.33 | 0.39 |
  After | 5.17 ± 10.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 5.21 ± 9.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 0.91 |
  Difference | −9.00 ± 25.16 |  |  |  | −17.40 ± 32.96 |  |  |  |  |
p-valueb | 0.23 | Â | Â | Â | 0.07 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pneumonia hospitalization | |||||||||
 Annual prevalence | |||||||||
  Before | 1.24 ± 1.51 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.06 ± 1.06 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 |
  After | 0.48 ± 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 ± 1.21 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 0.28 |
  Difference | −0.76 ± 1.36 |  |  |  | −0.06 ± 0.21 |  |  |  |  |
p-valueb | 0.01 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hospitalization duration (days) | |||||||||
  Before | 10.44 ± 10.95 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 40.00 | 8.25 ± 8.83 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 32.00 | 0.52 |
  After | 6.14 ± 7.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 19.00 | 5.29 ± 6.41 | 0.00 | 7.00 | 22.00 | 0.73 |
  Difference | −4.30 ± 11.49 |  |  |  | −2.96 ± 2.00 |  |  |  |  |
p-valueb | 0.13 | Â | Â | Â | 0.20 | Â | Â | Â | Â |