Table 1 Serological markers positivity by DBS analysis in relation to the socio-demographic characteristics of study participants from Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Mother

Total

240

100.0

15

6.3

(3.5–10.1)

–

14

5.8

(3.2–9.6)

–

214

89.2

(84.5–92.8)

–

13

5.4

(2.9–9.1)

–

[18–29]

80

33.3

7

8.7

(3.6–17.2)

0.580

2

2.5

(0.3–8.7)

0.228

71

88.7

(79.7–94.7)

0.407

3

3.7

(0.7–10.6)

0.616

[30–39]

108

45.0

6

5.6

(2.1–11.7)

9

8.3

(3.9–15.2)

94

87.0

(79.2–92-7)

6

5.6

(2.0–11.7)

[40–60]

52

21.7

2

3.8

(0.4–13.2)

3

5.8

(1.2–15.9)

49

94.2

(84.0–98.8)

4

7.7

(2.1–18.5)

Unschooled

195

81.2

11

5.6

(2.8–9.8)

0.525

10

5.1

(2.5–9.2)

0.364

173

88.7

(83.4–92.8)

0.570

10

5.11

(2.5–9.2)

0.145

Primary

23

9.6

2

8.7

(1.1–28.0)

2

8.7

(1.1–28.4)

22

95.6

(78.0–99.8)

3

3.0

(2.8–33.6)

Secondary

22

9.2

2

9.1

(1.1–29.6)

2

9.1

(1.1–29.1)

19

86.4

(65.1–97.1)

0

0.0

(0.0–15.4) ^b

Mossi

223

92.9

14

6.3

(3.5–10.3)

0.679

13

5.8

(3.1–9.7)

0.653

198

88.8

(83.9–92.6)

0.384

10

4.5

(2.2–8.1)

0.045^a

Gourounsi

12

5.0

1

8.3

(0.2–38.5)

1

8.3

(0.2–38.4)

12

100.0

(73.5–100.0) ^b

3

25.0

(5.5–57.2)

Others

5

2.1

0

0.0

(0.0–52.2) ^b

0

0.0

(0.0–52.2) ^b

4

80.0

(28.3–99.5)

0

0.0

(0.0–52.2) ^b

Health center

79

32.9

5

6.3

(2.1–14.1)

0.942

5

6.3

(2.1–14.1)

0.313

68

86.1

(76.4–92.8)

0.274

5

6.3

(2.1–14.1)

0.934

Home birth

105

43.8

6

5.7

(2.1–12.0)

8

7.6

(3.3–14.4)

93

88.6

(80.8–93.9)

5

4.8

(1.5–10.7)

Unknown

56

23.3

4

7.1

(1.9–17.3)

1

1.8

(0.0–9.5)

53

94.6

(85.1–98.8)

3

5.4

(1.1–14.8)

No

217

90.4

13

6.0

(3.2–10.0)

0.643

13

6.0

(3.2–10.0)

0.603

195

89.8

(85.0–93.5)

0.289

12

5.5

(2.9–9.4)

0.640

Yes

23

9.6

2

8.7

(1.1–28.0)

1

4.3

(0.1–21.9)

19

82.6

(61.2–95.0)

1

4.3

(0.1–21.9)

Child

Total

240

100.0

2

0.8

(0.1–3.0)

–

90

37.5

(31.3–43.9)

–

142

59.2

(52.6–65.4)

–

5

2.1

(0.7–4.8)

–

[1,2,3,4]

134

55.8

1

0.7

(0.0–4.1)

0.689

53

39.5

(31.2–48.3)

0.460

68

50.7

(42.0–59.5)

0.003^a

3

2.2

(0.5–6.4)

1.000

[5,6,7,8,9,10]

106

44.2

1

0.9

(0.0–5.1)

37

34.9

(25.9–44.8)

74

69.8

(60.1–78.3)

2

1.9

(0,2–6.6)

Female

112

46.7

2

1.8

(0.2–6.3)

0.217

35

31.2

(22.8–40.7)

0.061

73

65.2

(55.6–73.9)

0.076

1

0.9

(0.0–4.9)

0.375

Male

128

53.3

0

0.0

(0.0–2.8) ^b

55

42.9

(34.2–52.0)

69

53.9

(44.9–62.7)

4

3.1

(0.8–7.8)

Preschool age

180

75.0

1

0.6

(0.0–3.1)

0.438

78

43.3

(36.0–50.9)

0.004^a

98

54.4

(46.8–61.8)

0.036^a

5

2.8

(0.9–6.3)

0.694

Elementary

46

19.2

1

2.2

(0.0–11.5)

8

17.4

(7.8–31.4)

34

73.9

(58.8–85.7)

0

0.0

(0.0–7.7) ^b

Unschooled

14

5.8

0

0.0

(0–23.1) ^b

4

28.6

(8.4–58.1)

10

71.4

(41.9–91.6)

0

0.0

(0.0–23.1) ^b

Mossi

224

93.3

2

0.9

(0.1–3.2)

1.000

85

37.9

(31.5–44.6)

0.770

131

58.5

(51.7–65.0)

0.208

5

2.2

(0.7–5.1)

1.000

Gourounsi

11

4.6

0

0.0

(0–28.5) ^b

3

27.3

(6.0–60.9)

9

81.8

(48.2–97.7)

0

0.0

(0.0–28.5) ^b

others

5

2.1

0

0.0

(0.0–52.2) ^b

2

40.0

(5.3–85.3)

2

40.0

(5.3–85.3)

0

0.0

(0.0–52.2) ^b

Health center

214

89.2

1

0.5

(0.0–2.6)

0.205

85

39.7

(33.1–46.6)

0.042^a

124

57.9

(51.0–64.6)

0.269

5

2.3

(0.7–5.3)

1.000

Home birth

26

10.8

1

3.8

(0.1–19.6)

5

19.2

(6.5–39.3)

18

69.2

(48.2–85.6)

0

0.0

(0.0–13.2) ^b

Yes

151

62.9

1

0.7

(0.0–3.7)

0.7041

61

40.4

(32.9–48.4)

0.227

80

53.0

(45.0–60.8)

0.011

4

2.6

(1.0–6.6)

0.4242

No

89

37.1

1

1.1

(0.2–6.1)

29

32.6

(23.7–42.9)

62

69.7

(59.5–78.2)

1

1.1

(0.2–6.1)

Positive

15

6.3

1

6.7

(1.1–29.8)

0.010

5

33.3

(15.2–58.3)

0.731

8

53.5

(30.1–75.2)

0.6350

0

0.0

(0.0–24.6) ^b

0.5596

Negative

225

93.7

1

0.4

(0.0–2.5)

85

37.8

(31.7–44.3)

134

59.6

(53.0–65.8)

5

2.2

(1.0–5.1)