High prevalence of HIV, HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity among people who injected drugs: results of the first bio-behavioral survey using respondent-driven sampling in two urban areas in Mozambique

Table 5 RDSAT-weighted bivariable and multivariable associations of demographic and behavioral characteristics associated with HIV among PWID, Mozambique 2013–2014

Variables	Maputo						Nampula/Nacala
	OR^a	95% CI	p-value	aOR^a,b	95% CI	p-value	OR^b	95% CI	p-value	aOR^a,c	95% CI	p-value
	n = 351			n = 333			n = 139			n = 137
Ages 35+ (ref: 18–34 years)	1.5	0.9–2.3	0.09				3.7	1.5–9.4	< 0.01	9.3	1.9–65.8	0.01
Years since first injected (ref: 0–5 years)
6–10 years	2.0	1.1–3.5	0.02	2.0	1.1–3.8	0.03	16.6	5.1–62.8	< 0.01	22.8	5.3–126.4	< 0.01
11 or more years	2.3	1.4–4.0	< 0.01	2.1	1.2–3.8	0.01	4.2	1.2–15.2	0.02	1.6	0.2–10.2	0.62
Marital status (ref: single; never married)
Married or in a conjugal union	0.8	0.4–1.4	0.45				2.2	0.8–6.0	0.11
Separated, widowed or divorced	1.3	0.7–2.3	0.42				1.1	0.3–3.9	0.84
Some secondary or higher (ref: primary or less)	1.0	0.6–1.6	0.99				1.3	0.5–3.8	0.58
Spoke Portuguese as the primary language at home (ref: other language)	1.2	0.7–2.0	0.45				0.8	0.3–2.0	0.59
Choice of injection drug is heroin (ref: cocaine or other)	2.4	1.3–4.6	0.01	2.3	1.2–4.9	0.02	1.7	0.6–5.5	0.35	4.3	1.2–18.2	0.03
Ever shared a syringe or needle, lifetime	3.4	2.2–5.5	< 0.01	3.2	1.9–5.3	< 0.01	1.5	0.6–3.7	0.35
Ever incarcerated	1.6	1.0–2.5	0.07				2.0	0.8–5.0	0.12	3.2	1.0–10.9	0.06
Ever had sex in exchange for drugs, lifetime	0.6	0.3–1.2	0.16	0.5	0.2–1.0	0.05	1.3	0.3–5.0	0.70
Did not have access to new, unused syringes or needles	2.9	1.3–7.1	0.01				0.1	0.0–0.6	0.04	0.1	< 0.01–0.4	0.02
Injected daily, last thirty days	2.0	1.3–3.2	< 0.01	2.0	1.2–3.4	0.01	3.4	1.3–8.9	0.01
Ever tested for HIV test, lifetime	2.2	1.3–3.7	< 0.01	2.3	1.3–4.0	< 0.01	2.8	1.1–8.2	0.04

^a Weights imported from RDSAT 7.1
^b Adjusted for all other variables in the model, LL − 177.913 (df = 8)
^c Adjusted for all other variables in the model, LL −39.09976 (df = 7)
Note: Variables were retained in the model (aOR) based on theoretical importance; blank cells indicate those variables that were systematically removed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)

ISSN: 1471-2334