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Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the association between pertussis vaccination and the clinical course and treatment of pertussis, stratified for term and preterm infants (crude and adjusted OR and 95% CI)

From: Pertussis hospitalizations among term and preterm infants: clinical course and vaccine effectiveness

 

Probable and certain term infants (n = 481)a

Preterm infants (n = 60)

 

Unvaccinated infants (n = 268)

Vaccinated infants (n = 213)

crude OR (95% CI)

adjusted OR (95% CI)b

Unvaccinated infants (n = 23)

Vaccinated infants (n = 37)

crude OR (95% CI)

adjusted OR (95% CI)b

Symptoms at admission

 Coughing attacks

197 (73.5%)

151 (70.9%)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.8 (0.4–1.3)

17 (73.9%)

26 (70.3%)

0.8 (0.3–2.7)

0.8 (0.1–5.6)

 Apnea

47 (17.5%)

22 (10.3%)

0.5 (0.3–0.9)

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

10 (43.5%)

5 (13.5%)

0.2 (0.06–0.7)

0.2 (0.03–1.5)

 Whooping

6 (2.2%)

12 (5.6%)

2.6 (0.96–7.1)

1.8 (0.5–6.8)

1 (4.4%)

0

< 0.001 (< 0.001- > 999.9)

0.4 (< 0.001- > 999.9)

Vomiting

94 (35.1%)

79 (37.1%)

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

0.9 (0.6–1.6)

8 (34.8%)

13 (35.1%)

1.0 (0.3–3.0)

0.6 (0.1–3.3)

 prolonged inspiratory effort

15 (5.6%)

19 (8.9%)

1.7 (0.8–3.3)

1.0 (0.4–2.3)

1 (4.4%)

4 (10.8%)

2.7 (0.3–25.4)

1.6 (0.1–26.1)

 Collapse

2 (0.8%)

2 (0.9%)

1.3 (0.2–9.0)

7.2 (0.2–226.7)

1 (4.4%)

1 (2.7%)

0.6 (0.04–10.3)

0.6 (< 0.001- > 999.9)

 Cyanosis

126 (47.0%)

88 (41.3%)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)c

1.1 (0.7–1.8)c

5 (21.7%)

17 (45.9%)

3.1 (0.9–10.0)c

1.9 (0.3–11.6)c

 Fever

17 (6.3%)

21 (9.9%)

1.6 (0.8–3.1)

0.7 (0.3–1.7)

2 (8.7%)

4 (10.8%)

1.3 (0.2–7.6)

> 999.9 (< 0.001- > 999.9)

 Feeding problems

87 (32.5%)

63 (29.6%)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.9 (0.5–1.4)

10 (43.5%)

12 (32.4%)

0.6 (0.2–1.8)

0.8 (0.2–4.5)

Complications

 Any complication

30 (11.2%)

9 (4.2%)

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

0.9 (0.4–2.5)

5 (21.7%)

3 (8.1%)

0.3 (0.07–1.5)

0.2 (0.01–4.6)

Treatment

 Antibiotics before admission

37 (14.2%)

52 (25.1%)

1.8 (1.2–2.8)

1.2 (0.7–2.1)

2 (9.5%)

9 (24.3%)

2.7 (0.6–11.4)

12.3 (0.8–188.3)

 Antibiotics during admission

230 (87.5%)

157 (74.4%)

0.4 (0.3–0.7)

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

21 (95.5%)

32 (86.5%)

0.3 (0.03–2.8)

1.7 (0.1–23.7)

 Artificial respiration

23 (8.9%)

5 (2.4%)

0.3 (0.1–0.7)

0.8 (0.2–3.4)

7 (31.8%)

2 (5.6%)

0.1 (0.02–0.7)

0.4 (0.02–5.7)

 Additional oxygen

133 (50.4%)

33 (15.9%)

0.2 (0.1–0.3)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

13 (59.1%)

10 (27.8%)

0.2 (0.08–0.8)

0.6 (0.09–4.0)

 Admission intensive care unit (ICU)

42 (15.7%)

5 (2.4%)

0.1 (0.05–0.3)

0.3 (0.1–1.1)

6 (26.1%)

2 (5.4%)

0.2 (0.03–0.9)

0.6 (0.04–7.6)

Discharge

 Symptoms remaining

206 (76.9%)

162 (76.1%)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.7 (0.5–1.2)

14 (60.9%)

30 (81.1%

1.9 (0.7–5.1)

2.1 (0.7–6.7)

  1. Unvaccinated infants are set as reference. Significant results are in bold
  2. aterm infants in main analysis
  3. badjusted for coinfections and age in months at admission
  4. ccrude and adjusted OR for cyanosis in term and preterms are significantly different (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively)